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توصیه هایی برای جستجو در اینترنت و ...
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+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۶ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:6 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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ٍسایتی برای ترجمه متن . صفحات اینترنتی و ... به کلیه زبانهای زنده جهان
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عکسی از حبقوق نبی ( در جوار دانشگاه آزاد تویسرکان )
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۶ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:48 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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در باره کریسمس . روز شکر گزاری و بابا نوئل
The Thanksgiving Story
The Pilgrims who sailed to this country aboard the Mayflower were originally members of the English Separatist Church (a Puritan sect). They had earlier fled their home in England and sailed to Holland (The Netherlands) to escape religious persecution. There, they enjoyed more religious tolerance, but they eventually became disenchanted with the Dutch way of life, thinking it ungodly. Seeking a better life, the Separatists negotiated with a London stock company to finance a pilgrimage to America. Most of those making the trip aboard the Mayflower were non-Separatists, but were hired to protect the company's interests. Only about one-third of the original colonists were Separatists.
The Pilgrims set ground at Plymouth Rock on December 11, 1620. Their first winter was devastating. At the beginning of the following fall, they had lost 46 of the original 102 who sailed on the Mayflower. But the harvest of 1621 was a bountiful one. And the remaining colonists decided to celebrate with a feast -- including 91 Indians who had helped the Pilgrims survive their first year. It is believed that the Pilgrims would not have made it through the year without the help of the natives. The feast was more of a traditional English harvest festival than a true "thanksgiving" observance. It lasted three days.
Governor William Bradford sent "four men fowling" after wild ducks and geese. It is not certain that wild turkey was part of their feast. However, it is certain that they had venison. The term "turkey" was used by the Pilgrims to mean any sort of wild fowl. 
Another modern staple at almost every Thanksgiving table is pumpkin pie. But it is unlikely that the first feast included that treat. The supply of flour had been long diminished, so there was no bread or pastries of any kind. However, they did eat boiled pumpkin, and they produced a type of fried bread from their corn crop. There was also no milk, cider, potatoes, or butter. There was no domestic cattle for dairy products, and the newly-discovered potato was still considered by many Europeans to be poisonous. But the feast did include fish, berries, watercress, lobster, dried fruit, clams, venison, and plums.
This "thanksgiving" feast was not repeated the following year. But in 1623, during a severe drought, the pilgrims gathered in a prayer service, praying for rain. When a long, steady rain followed the very next day, Governor Bradford proclaimed another day of Thanksgiving, again inviting their Indian friends. It wasn't until June of 1676 that another Day of Thanksgiving was proclaimed.
On June 20, 1676, the governing council of Charlestown, Massachusetts, held a meeting to determine how best to express thanks for the good fortune that had seen their community securely established. By unanimous vote they instructed Edward Rawson, the clerk, to proclaim June 29 as a day of thanksgiving. It is notable that this thanksgiving celebration probably did not include the Indians, as the celebration was meant partly to be in recognition of the colonists' recent victory over the "heathen natives," (see the proclamation). 
October of 1777 marked the first time that all 13 colonies joined in a thanksgiving celebration. It also commemorated the patriotic victory over the British at Saratoga. But it was a one-time affair.
George Washington proclaimed a National Day of Thanksgiving in 1789, although some were opposed to it. There was discord among the colonies, many feeling the hardships of a few Pilgrims did not warrant a national holiday. And later, President Thomas Jefferson scoffed at the idea of having a day of thanksgiving.
It was Sarah Josepha Hale, a magazine editor, whose efforts eventually led to what we recognize as Thanksgiving. Hale wrote many editorials championing her cause in her Boston Ladies' Magazine, and later, in Godey's Lady's Book. Finally, after a 40-year campaign of writing editorials and letters to governors and presidents, Hale's obsession became a reality when, in 1863, President Lincoln proclaimed the last Thursday in November as a national day of Thanksgiving.
Thanksgiving was proclaimed by every president after Lincoln. The date was changed a couple of times, most recently by Franklin Roosevelt, who set it up one week to the next-to-last Thursday in order to create a longer Christmas shopping season. Public uproar against this decision caused the president to move Thanksgiving back to its original date two years later. And in 1941, Thanksgiving was finally sanctioned by Congress as a legal holiday, as the fourth Thursday in November.
Thanks & Giving asks us to give ‘Thanks’ for the healthy children in our lives, while ‘Giving’ to help children everywhere who are desperately ill and battling to stay alive.
This national event was created to benefit St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital—the world’s epicenter of pediatric medical research that was founded by the late entertainer, Danny Thomas.
Thanks & Giving helps put meaning back into the holidays
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How Christmas Works
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Who is this Santa Claus person
Why is Santa characterized as a short, fat and jolly pipe smoker?
Why does Santa wear such outlandish clothes?
Why does he ride around in a sleigh? Pulled by reindeer? That lands on rooftops? So he can climb down the chimney? With a big sack full of toys? Which he leaves under the tree for good girls and boys?
According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, Santa Claus started with a real person, Saint Nicholas, a minor saint from the fourth century:
According to tradition, he was born in the ancient Lycian seaport city of Patara, and, when young, he traveled to Palestine and Egypt. He became bishop of Myra soon after returning to Lycia. He was imprisoned during the Roman emperor Diocletian's persecution of Christians but was released under the rule of Emperor Constantine the Great and attended the first Council (325) of Nicaea. After his death he was buried in his church at Myra, and by the sixth century his shrine there had become well known. In 1087, Italian sailors or merchants stole his alleged remains from Myra and took them to Bari, Italy; this removal greatly increased the saint's popularity in Europe, and Bari became one of the most crowded of all pilgrimage centres. Nicholas' relics remain enshrined in the 11th-century basilica of San Nicola, Bari. Nicholas' reputation for generosity and kindness gave rise to legends of miracles he performed for the poor and unhappy. He was reputed to have given marriage dowries of gold to three girls whom poverty would otherwise have forced into lives of prostitution, and he restored to life three children who had been chopped up by a butcher and put in a brine tub. In the Middle Ages, devotion to Nicholas extended to all parts of Europe. He became the patron saint of Russia and Greece; of charitable fraternities and guilds; of children, sailors, unmarried girls, merchants, and pawnbrokers; and of such cities as Fribourg, Switz., and Moscow. Thousands of European churches were dedicated to him, one as early as the sixth century, built by the Roman emperor Justinian I, at Constantinople (now Istanbul). Nicholas' miracles were a favourite subject for medieval artists and liturgical plays, and his traditional feast day was the occasion for the ceremonies of the Boy Bishop, a widespread European custom in which a boy was elected bishop and reigned until Holy Innocents' Day (December 28).
After the Reformation, Nicholas' cult disappeared in all the Protestant countries of Europe except Holland, where his legend persisted as Sinterklaas (a Dutch variant of the name Saint Nicholas). Dutch colonists took this tradition with them to New Amsterdam (now New York City) in the American colonies in the 17th century. Sinterklaas was adopted by the country's English-speaking majority under the name Santa Claus, and his legend of a kindly old man was united with old Nordic folktales of a magician who punished naughty children and rewarded good children with presents.
("Nicholas, SAINT", Britannica CD. Version 97. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 1997.)
It is amazing but true that the common, popular view of Santa that we all have today, along with all the crazy things around Santa like the sleigh, the reindeer and the chimney, all came largely from two publishing events that occurred in the 1800s and one advertising campaign in this century. Clement Moore wrote "The Night Before Christmas" in 1822 for his family. It was picked up by a newspaper, then reprinted in magazines and it spread like wildfire. Moore admitted authorship in 1838. If you read the poem you will find that he names the reindeer, invents the sleigh, comes up with the chimney and the bag of toys, etc. Nearly everyone in America has been able to recognize or recite this poem since the 1830s.
Then, between 1863 and 1886, Harper's Weekly (a popular magazine of the time) ran a series of engravings by Thomas Nast. From these images come the concepts of Santa's workshop, Santa reading letters, Santa checking his list and so on. Coca-Cola also played a role in the Santa image by running a set of paintings by Haddon Sundblom in its ads between 1931 to 1964.
The red and white suit came, actually, from the original Saint Nicholas. Those colors were the colors of the traditional bishop's robes.
See also A Brief History of Santa for a good set of Santa pictures.
Next Page >>
Also known as: St. Nicholas; Kris Kringle; Father Christmas
Santa Claus is the mythical figure who delivers toys to children around the world on Christmas Eve. According to legend Santa lives at the North Pole, oversees a toy workshop run by busy elves, and flies around the world in a sled pulled by eight reindeer: Blitzen, Comet, Cupid, Dancer, Dasher, Donder, Prancer, and Vixen. (A ninth reindeer with a shiny nose, Rudolph, was introduced in Gene Autry's 1949 country music hit "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer.") The name Santa Claus was derived from Sinterklaas, the Dutch term for the ancient Christian figure of Saint Nicholas.
Extra credit: The Santa Claus myth was popularized in America by the 1823 poem "A Visit From Saint Nicholas," attributed to Clement Moore. The poem begins "Twas the night before Christmas"... An 1897 editorial by Frank P. Church in the New York Sun coined the famous phrase "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus." Church was replying to a letter from a young reader, Virginia O'Hanlon, who asked if Santa Claus really existed... According to Microsoft's Encarta, the nickname Kris Kringle evolved from the German words for Christ child, Christkindl.
Other holiday figures include Saint Patrick, Saint Valentine and Punxsutawney Phil... St. Nicholas appears with Jesse James in our loop Exhumation Celebration.
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۶ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:37 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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کدهای آهنگ برای وبلاگ
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Books to Download
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The Little Prince شازده کوچولو اثر عظیم آنتوان دو سنت اگزوری
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اصطلاحات ادبی انگلیسی ( به سفارش امیر ا. )
| Alliteration | Anacoluthon | Anadiplosis | Anaphora | Anastrophe |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antistrophe | Antithesis | Aporia | Aposiopesis | Apostrophe |
| Archaism | Assonance | Asyndeton | Brachylogy | Cacophony |
| Catachresis | Chiasmus | Climax | Euphemism | Hendiadys |
| Hypallage | Hyperbaton | Hyperbole | Hysteron-Proteron | Irony |
| Litotes | Metaphor | Metonymy | Onomatopoeia | Oxymoron |
| Paradox | Paraprosdokian | Paronomasia | Personification | Pleonasm |
| Polysyndeton | Praeteritio | Prolepsis | Simile | Syllepsis |
| Synchysis | Synecdoche | Synesis | Tautology | Zeugma |
+ نوشته شده در شنبه ۵ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:12 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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نمونه مطالب و طرح درس برخی اساتید زبان انگلیسی
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سایتهایی برای متن یک ترانه انگلیسی یا ...
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آشنایی با کریستی برگ ( برای تقویت انگلیسی )
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THE WORLD OF LEARNING
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Learning English
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English Exams
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+ نوشته شده در شنبه ۵ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:1 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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بانک اطلاعاتی دانشگاه آکسفورد
بانک اطلاعاتي Oxford scholarship وابسته به دانشگاه آکسفورد و با حدود 1000 عنوان از کتابهاي انتشارات آکسفورد در چهار رشته: دين، فلسفه، اقتصاد و علوم سياسي.
+ نوشته شده در شنبه ۵ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 14:55 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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سایت گروه زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه کاشان
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سایت دانشجوی قدیمی رشته کارشناسی کامپیوتر سیامک ...
+ نوشته شده در شنبه ۵ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 14:49 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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اموزش نصب ويندوز xp
ابتدا بايد يك cd ويندوزxp داشته باشيد . دقت كنيد كه اين cd بايد bootable باشد. اگر ميخواهيد كه ويندوز فعلي را تبديل به ويندوز xp كنيد يا update كنيد نيازي به cd بوت نداريد. cd ويندوز را درون cd rom گذاشته و ويندوز اتوماتيك auto run خواهد شد.دقت كنيد كه اگر بخواهيد ويندوز فعلي خود را كه مثلا 98 ياme يا2000 ميباشد را update كنيد اطلاعات شما مثلا my document شما و برنامه هاي نصب شده شما حفظ خواهد شد.ولي اگر ويندوز شما ايراد دارد.بهتر است ان را از اول فرمت و نصب كنيد كه اين نوع نصب در اينجا توضيح داده شده است.
بعد از اين كه cd ويندوز را گذاشتيد. خود به خود مرحله نصب ويندوز شروع خواهد شد . روي گزينه install windows xp كليك كنيد.
در قسمت بعد از شما پرسيده ميشود كه ميخواهيد يك ويندوز جديد نصب كنيد يا ويندوز فعلي را update كنيد در صورتي كه در ويندوز فعلي شما ايرادي ندارد و ميخواهيد ان را تبديل به xp كنيد اين مرحله را رد كنيد و دست نزنيد زيرا به طور خودكار upgrade recommandedانتخاب شده است.ولي چنانچه قصد داريد ويندوز جديدي در درايوي ديگر نصب كنيد بايد new instalation را انتخاب كنيد.در اين صورت بعد از نصب كامل ويندوز xp هنگامي كه سيستم را روشن ميكنيد دو منو ظاهر شده و از شما پرسيده خواهد شد كه ميخواهيد وارد كدام ويندوز شويد.بدين ترتيب شما 2 ويندوز خواهيد داشت.
در مرحله بعد بايد سريال ويندوز را وارد كنيد اين سريال احتمالا در پشت كيس cd يا درون خود cd داخل فايلي به نام serial يا cd key يا readme نوشته شده.
در قسمت بعد روي دكمه advanced option كليك كرده و در پنجره جديد گزينه دوم را تيك بزنيد.اين براي اين است كه شما درايوي را كه ويندوز در ان ريخته شود را انتخاب كنيد.همچنين جهت تسريع كار ميتوانيد گزينه اول را تيك بزنيد تا تمامي فايلهاي ويندوز روي هارد ريخته شده و از انجا نصب شوند.بر روي ok كليك كنيد. در قسمت پايين ميتوانيد زبان خود را انتخاب كنيد ان را farsiانتخاب كنيد تا ابزار فارسي نصب شوند. (اگر تصميم داريد از فارسي سازي مثل سينا پك استفاده كنيد اين قسمت را دست نزنيد).حال بر روي next كليك كنيد.
در اين مرحله از شما سوال ميشود ميخواهيد نصب ويندوز رو از اينترنت به روز كنيد؟ چنانچه مايل باشيد ميتوانيد گزينه بالا را انتخاب كرده و next را بزنيد در اين صورت اخرين update ها از اينترنت دانلود خواهد شدولي با انتخاب گزينه پاييني بدون update وارد مرحله بعد مي شويد.به هر حال بعد از رد كردن اين قسمت فايلهاي ضروري اتوماتيك كپي يا دانلود خواهند شد و سيستم restart خواهد شد.
منتظر بمانيد تا ويندوز مراحل نصب را طي كند بعد از اين كه به متني كه حاوي توضيحات مايكروسافت و نوعي قرارداد با شما ميباشد رسيديد.روي F8 كليك كنيد تا تائيد شود.
در قسمت بعد چنانچه شما قبلا ويندوزي داشته باشيد از شما خواهد شد كه ميخواهيد روي همان ويندوز نصب شود يا انتخاب با شما باشد. با زدن دكمه R ميتوانيد روي همان ويندوز نصب كنيد و با زدن دكمهEsc انتخاب درايو ظاهر خواهد شد.پيشنهاد ما Escميباشد.
اگر Escرا زده باشيد اين قسمت يعني قسمت انتخاب درايو ظاهرمي شود. ميتوانيد درايو مورد نظر را انتخاب كنيد همچنين با زدن دكمه Dميتوانيد درايو را پاك كنيد تا بعدا تبديل به درايو جديد يا تبديل به دو يا چند درايو كنيد. بعد از اين كه D را بزنيد دوباره دكمه Lرابزنيد حال درايو پاك شده.ميتوانيد درايو پاك شده را انتخاب و با زدن دكمهCان را دوباره بسازيد.وقتي ان را ميسازيد ميتوانيد هجم ان را تايين كنيد .مثلا اگر ميخواهيد درايو را تبديل به دو درايو كنيد.بايد هجم فعلي را تبديل به 2 كرده و Enter كنيد.حال دو درايو جديد خواهيد داشت.البته براي عوض كردن يا تقسيم هجم درايو ميتوانيد از Partition Magic هم استفاده كنيد كه اموزش ان در بخش اموزش گذاشته شده.يا اين كه براي ساخت پارتيشن هاي خود بايد Fdisk را بلد باشيد كه ان هم در قسمت اموزش ياد داده شده است. به حر حال با انتخاب درايو مورد نظر خود ميتوانيد وارد قسمت بعد شويد.
در اينجا ميتوانيد انتخاب كنيد كه فرمت درايو شما چه باشد FAT يا NTFSتفاوت اين دو را در اينجا ببينيد و انتخاب كنيد.بهتر است گزينه هايي كه جلوي ان كلمه Quick نوشته شده را انتخاب نكنيد زيرا فرمت كامل مناسب تر است. بعد از اين كه مراحل را رد كرديد ويندوز فرمت انتخابي شما را اغاز كرده و سپس فايلهاي مورد نياز را كپي ميكند. سپس سيستم restart خواهد شد.
بعد از شروع مجدد سيستم منتظر بمانيد تا مرحل نصب اتوماتيك پيش برود تا اينكه شما با پنجره اي مواجه خواهيد شد.در اينجا زبان خود را انتخاب ميكنيد .چنانچه در قسمت چهارم شما فارسي را انتخاب كرده ايد اين قسمت را دست نزنيد . فقط در قسمت details عربي را remove كنيد(البته اين كار بستگي به نوع كيبورد شما دارد ولي در اكثر كيبوردها با اين كار چند ايراد جزئي بر طرف خواهد شد به هر حال فارسي سازي ويندوز xp كامل نيست و ايراداتي در حروف ي پ ژ گ احتمالا خواهيد داشت براي فارسي كردن ويندوز ميتوانيد از يك فارسي ساز استفاده كنيد) رو دكمه ok زده و nextكنيد.
از اينجا به بعد براي هر دو حالت نصب از روي ويندوز و نصب از boot مشترك ميباشد.
در اين جا نام خود و نام كمپاني يا شركت يا هرچه دوست داريد.مثلا home
در اينجا نام كامپيوتر خود را مينويسيد كه نامي به عنوان پيش فرض نوشته ميشود.در قسمت پايين ميتوانيد پسور مديريت كامپيوتر را وارد كنيد به اين ترتيب كسي نميتواند به جاي شما وارد شود زيرا شما مديريت كامپيوتر را داريد و ميتوانيد حتي براي استفاده كننده هاي ديگر هم قواعدي خواص تايين كنيد مثلا برادر كوچك شما نتواند فايلها را پاك كند.
اين قسمت براي تنظيمات اتصال به اينترنت است.روي منوي پايين روي اول زده و ايران را انتخاب كنيد.در قسمت What Area Code استان را ميزنيد مثلا براي تهران 021 در قسمت dial nomber چيزي ننويسيد.و در پايين هم نوع ارتباط تلفني خود تون يا پالس را انتخاب كنيد و next كنيد.
در اينجا ساعت محلي را انتخاب ميكنيد.جلوي time zone اگر در ايران هستيد GMT+03:30 Tehran را انتخاب كنيد.و بر روي next كليك ميكنيد .ويندوز نصب را ادامه داده و سر انجام به پايان ميرساند و سيستم restart خواهد شد.
بعد از شروع مجدد ويندوز از شما سوالاتي خواهد شد شما تمام گزينه هايي كه از شما ميخواهد ويندوز را توسط اينترنت رجيستر كنيد را كنسل كنيد(بايد گزينه هاي پايين را انتخاب كنيد) زيرا هنوز معلوم نيست مودم شما به درستي كار ميكند يا نه ؟
سپس در اخر از شما خواسته ميشود 5 user معرفي كنيد كه شما براي اولي نام خود را وارد كرده و finish را بزنيد.حال شما وارد ويندوز جديد شده ايد.
نصب ويندوز از بوت
براي اين كه ويندوز را از اول نصب كنيد بايد يك cd بوت داشته باشيد هنگامي كه سيستم را روشن ميكنيد كليد delete را نگه داريد و وارد تنظيمات setup شويد.اكثر mother board هاي جديد در همان بالا منوي bootرا دارند كه شما با زدن كليد هاي چپ و راست ميتوانيد وارد ان شويد و بوت اول خود را cdrom انتخاب كنيد.بايد روي ان enter زده و cdrom را انتخاب كنيد.سپس روي exit رفته و save and exit يا چيزي شبيه به اين را بياد انتخاب كنيد كه تنظيمات شما را زخيره كند.حال هنگام روشن كردن سيستم اگر cd بوت در سيستم باشد ميتوانيد از ان استفاده كنيد.بعد از اين كه cd بوت شد و هنگامي كه گفته ميشود press any key .......... دكمه اي را بزنيد تا وارد مراحل نصب ويندوز شويد.
منتظر بمانيد تا ويندوز مراحل نصب را طي كند بعد از اين كه به متني كه حاوي توضيحات مايكروسافت و نوعي قرارداد با شما ميباشد رسيديد.روي F8 كليك كنيد تا تائيد شود.
در قسمت بعد چنانچه شما قبلا ويندوزي داشته باشيد از شما خواهد شد كه ميخواهيد روي همان ويندوز نصب شود يا انتخاب با شما باشد. با زدن دكمه R ميتوانيد روي همان ويندوز نصب كنيد و با زدن دكمهEsc انتخاب درايو ظاهر خواهد شد.پيشنهاد ما Escميباشد.
اگر Escرا زده باشيد اين قسمت يعني قسمت انتخاب درايو ظاهرمي شود. ميتوانيد درايو مورد نظر را انتخاب كنيد همچنين با زدن دكمه Dميتوانيد درايو را پاك كنيد تا بعدا تبديل به درايو جديد يا تبديل به دو يا چند درايو كنيد. بعد از اين كه D را بزنيد دوباره دكمه Lرابزنيد حال درايو پاك شده.ميتوانيد درايو پاك شده را انتخاب و با زدن دكمهCان را دوباره بسازيد.وقتي ان را ميسازيد ميتوانيد هجم ان را تايين كنيد .مثلا اگر ميخواهيد درايو را تبديل به دو درايو كنيد.بايد هجم فعلي را تبديل به 2 كرده و Enter كنيد.حال دو درايو جديد خواهيد داشت.البته براي عوض كردن يا تقسيم هجم درايو ميتوانيد از Partition Magic هم استفاده كنيد كه اموزش ان در بخش اموزش گذاشته شده.يا اين كه براي ساخت پارتيشن هاي خود بايد Fdiskرا بلد باشيد كه ان هم در بخش اموزش ياد داده شده است. به حر حال با انتخاب درايو مورد نظر خود ميتوانيد وارد قسمت بعد شويد.
در اينجا ميتوانيد انتخاب كنيد كه فرمت درايو شما چه باشد FAT يا NTFSتفاوت اين دو را در اينجا ببينيد و انتخاب كنيد.بهتر است گزينه هايي كه جلوي ان كلمه Quick نوشته شده را انتخاب نكنيد زيرا فرمت كامل مناسب تر است. بعد از اين كه مراحل را رد كرديد ويندوز فرمت انتخابي شما را اغاز كرده و سپس فايلهاي مورد نياز را كپي ميكند. سپس سيستم restart خواهد شد.
بعد از اين كه سيتم restart شد كاملا صبر كنيد تا ويندوز مراحل نصب را ادامه دهد اگر به پنجره وارد كردن كد ويندوز رسيديد كدي كه در كيس ويندوز يا در فايلي متني با نام serial يا cd key قرار دارد وارد كنيد.اين پنجره بستگي به تنظيمات شما ممكن است در اين قسمت يا در قسمتهاي بعد ظاهر شود.
در اينجا زبان خود را انتخاب ميكنيد .براي اين كه امكان تايپ فارسي داشته باشيد روي customizeكليك كرده و تب language را انتخاب كنيد سپس هر دو تيك را علامت بزنيد و apply را بزنيد تا فايلهاي مربوط نصب شوند بعد در قسمت details روي add كليك كرده و فارسي را اضافه كنيد. رو دكمه ok زده و nextكنيد
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:36 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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« خط شناسي »
دستخط هركس اسرار نهفته اي را در مورد شخصيت او آشكار مي كند.
تحليل دستخط هرفرد مي تواند بيش از 100 خصوصيت از شخصيت او را براي ما معرفي كند
و ما مي توانيم نكات مهمي را در مورد خصوصيات فرد و روابط شخصي و روابط شغلي وي دريابيم.
ميخواهيد به برخي از حقايقي كه در دستخط شما نهفته ، آگاهي يابيد؟!…
ما در اين مورد به شما كمك كرده ايم:
دستخط و نوع واكنش فرد در قبال مسايل مختلف زندگي
ميزان شيب دستخط هركس، نشاندهنده نوع واكنش عاطفي فرد در موقعيتهاي عاطفي است.
هر قدر دستخط شما به سمت راست يا چپ متمايل باشد ( شكل 1 و 2 ) ، واكنش شما در قبال مسايل زندگي، عاطفي تر است. يعني: « شما تحت فرمان قلب خود هستيد». و اگر دستخط شما حالت عمودي دارد (شكل3) ، واكنش هاي شما بيشتر منطقي و عقلاني است. يعني معمولاً براساس حقايق، اطلاعات و منطق، واكنش نشان مي دهيد و واكنش شما در قبال مسايل مختلف زندگي، كمتر جنبه احساسي دارد. يعني: « شما تحت فرمان مغز خود هستيد».
دستخط و شيوه تفكر
مردم به روشهاي مختلفي مي انديشند. شما چطور!؟… آيا درك بسيار سريعي داريد و قبل از آنكه توضيح گوينده راجع به مسئله اي به پايان برسد، منظور وي را به خوبي در مي يابيد و يا خير، در اين زمينه كندتريد و بايد با دقت بيشتري به مطالب توجه كنيد و دير به نتيجه گيري مي پردازيد؟
نحوه نوشتن حروف m و n بيانگر روش تفكر شماست ( در زبان فارسي، احتمالاً طرز نوشتن حروف دندانه دار مثل « س » و «ش » و غيره مي تواند روش تفكر شخص را نشان دهد).
اگر شما حروف m و n را بصورت نوك تيز مي نويسيد كه شبيه w و u مي شود( شكل 4 )، شما فردي سريع الانتقال هستيد كه مسايل را خيلي زود درك مي كند. اما اگر حروف m و n را به شكل قوس دار مي نويسيد (شكل 5) ، شما فردي دقيقتر هستيد ولي سرعت درك كمتري داريد.
دستخط و قدرت تجزيه و تحليل فرد
اگر شما حروف m و n را بصورت خطوطي شكسته مي نويسيد ( شكل6)، بطوري كه در بين دندانه ها، حرف v كوچكي ايجاد مي شود، شما از قدرت تحليل خوبي برخورداريد. اما اگر دندانه هاي حروف m و n را قوس دار مي نويسيد (مثل دستخط بچه هاي ابتدايي)، در زمينه تجزيه و تحليل مسايل ضعيف هستيد (شكل7).
دستخط و رك گويي شخص
اگر در زندگي شخصي رك گو و صريح هستيد و براي طرح يك موضوع اصلاً طفره نمي رويد و زياد به مقدمه چيني نمي پردازيد، شما معمولاً نخستين حرف از هركلمه را از بالاي خط تراز، نمي نويسيد(شكل8). اما اگر نخستين حرف از هر كلمه را از روي خط تراز شروع مي كنيد (شكل9) ، شما فردي هستيد كه در رفتار و گفتار خود حاشيه مي رويد و حرفتان را رك و صريح بيان نمي كنيد. مثلاً ابتدا از وضعيت آب و هوا مي گوييد، بعد راجع به بازي فوتبال شب قبل صحبت مي كنيد و بعد شروع به گفتن حرف مورد نظرخود مي نماييد.
اكنون شما چه فكر مي كنيد!؟. . .
اكنون شما فكر مي كنيد، فردي كه تحت فرمان مغز خويش است، مطالب را سريع درك مي كند، تحليل گر است و رك گو مي باشد، با فردي كه تحت فرمان قلب خويش است، مطالب را بطور آهسته تر و دقت و توجه بيشتري درك مي كند، چندان تحليل گر نيست و در گفتار و كردار خود، مستقيم به سر اصل مطلب نمي رود، آيا اين دو نفر مي توانند با هم دوست شوند، ازدواج كنند و سازگاري داشته باشند!؟…
البته من ! فكر ميكنم، شناخت ، درك، معتبر شمردن و احترام گذاشتن به تفاوتهاي يكديگر، مي تواند مسيري طولاني به سمت سازگاري و توافق دو نفر باشد و تحليل دستخط افراد، نه مانع سازگاري و به تفاهم رسيدن آنها باهم ، بلكه كمكي در راه تشخيص و درك تفاوتهاي آنان جهت سعي در به تفاهم رسيدن آنها باشد.
« موفق باشيد»
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:35 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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تستهای روانشناسي
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:34 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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لیست واحدهای دوره کارشناسی زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی و کاردانی آموزش زبان انگلیسی
کارشناسی زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی
دروس پیش نیاز به رنگ قرمز مشخص شده و دانشجویان ملزم به رعایت آنها هستند . عدم رعایت آنها به مسوولیت خود دانشجو خواهد بود
.نیمسال اول
۱ . خواندن (۱) ۴ واحد درک مفاهیم پیش ۲ واحد
۲ . دستور نگارش (۱) ۴ واحد دستور نگارش پیش ۲ واحد
۳ . گفت و شنود (۱) ۴ واحد گفت و شنود پیش ۲ واحد
(
دروس زبان پیش ۲ واحد / فارسی پیش ۲ واحد در صورت لزوم با توجه به نمره کنکور دانشجو ارائه می گردد )نیمسال دوم
۴ . خواندن (۲) ۴ واحد ۱
۵ . دستور نگارش (۲) ۴ واحد ۲
۶ . گفت و شنود (۲) ۴ واحد ۳
۷ . فنون یادگیری ۲ واحد -
نیمسال سوم
۸ . خواندن (۳) ۴ واحد ۴
۹ . نگارش پیشرفته ۲ واحد ۵
۱۰ . بیان شفاهی داستان (۱) ۲ واحد ۴-۵-۶
۱۱ . درآمدی برادبیات (۱) ۲ واحد ۴-۵-۶
۱۲ . نمونه های شعر ساده ۲ واحد ۴
۱۳ . آواشناسی ۲ واحد ۱-۲-۳
۱۴ . اصول و روش ترجمه ۲ واحد ۴-۵
نیمسال چهارم
۱۵ . درآمدی بر ادبیات (۲) ۲ واحد ۱۱
۱۶ . خواندن متون مطبوعاتی ۲ واحد ۸
۱۷ . فرانسه (۱) ۳ واحد ۵-۶-۸
۱۸ . کلیات زباشناسی (۱) ۲ واحد ۴-۵
۱۹ . نمونه های نثر ساده ۲ واحد ۵-۶-۸
۲۰ . ترجمه متون ساده ۲ واحد ۱۴
۲۱ . بیان شفاهی داستان (۲) ۱۰
نیمسال پنجم
۲۲ . کلیات زبانشناسی (۲) ۲ واحد ۱۸
۲۳ . مقاله نویسی ۲ واحد ۹
۲۴ . متون برگزیده نثر ادبی ۲ واحد ۱۵
۲۵ . فرانسه (۲) ۳ واحد ۱۷
۲۶ . فنون و صنایع ادبی ۲ واحد ۵-۶-۸
۲۷ . کاربرد اصطلاحات در ترجمه ۲ واحد ۱۴
۲۸ . نامه نگاری انگلیسی ۲ واحد ۵-۶-۸
نیمسال ششم
۲۹ . فرانسه (۳) ۳ واحد ۲۵
۳۰ . اصول و روش نقد ادبی (۱) ۲ واحد ۲۶-۱۱
۳۱ . روش تدریس زبان انگلیسی ۴ واحد ۲۲
۳۲ . ترجمه متون ادبی (۱) ۲ واحد ۲۷-۲۰
۳۳ . سیری در تاریخ ادبیات (۱) ۴ واحد ۵-۶-۸
۳۴ . نمایشنامه (۱) ۲ واحد ۱۱
نیمسال هفتم
۳۵ . بررسی آثار ترجمه شده اسلامی (۱) ۲ واحد ۲۰-۲۷
۳۶ . اصول و روش نقد ادبی (۲) ۲ واحد ۳۰
۳۷ . آزمون سازی ۲ واحد ۳۱
۳۸ . نمایشنامه (۲) ۲ واحد ۳۴
۳۹ . ترجمه ادبی (۲) ۲ واحد ۳۲
۴۰ . اصول و روش تحقیق (۱) ۲ واحد ۲۲-۱۵
۴۱ . آشنایی با رمان (۱) ۲ واحد ۱۱
۴۲ . سیری در تاریخ ادبیات (۲) ۴ واحد ۳۳
نیمسال هشتم
۴۳ . مکتبهای ادبی ۲ واحد ۱۵-۴۲
۴۴ . بررسی آثار ترجمه شده اسلامی (۲) ۲ واحد ۳۵
۴۵ . داستان کوتاه انگلیسی ۲ واحد ۵-۶-۸
۴۶ . آشنایی با رمان (۲) ۲ واحد ۴۱
۴۷ . اصول و روش تحقیق (۲) ۲ واحد ۴۰
۴۸ . شعر انگلیسی ۲ واحد ۱۲-۱۵
دروس عمومی ( به اختیار گروه یا دانشجو هر ترم انتخاب می شود )
قراءت قرآن کریم ۱ واحد
وصایای امام (ره) ۱ واحد
متون اسلامی ۲ واحد
تاریخ اسلام ۲ واحد
اخلاق اسلامی ۲ واحد
انقلاب اسلامی و ریشه ها ۲ واحد
تنظیم خانواده و جمعیت ۲ واحد
تربیت بدنی ۱ (عملی) ۱ واحد
تربیت بدنی ۲ ( عملی) ۱ واحد
تربیت بدنی ۱معارف اسلامی (۱) ۲ واحد
معارف اسلامی (۲) ۲ واحد
معارف اسلامی ۱فارسی عمومی ۳ واحد
فارسی پیش=============================================
کاردانی آموزش زبان انگلیسی
دروس پیشنیاز با رنگ قرمز مشخص شده که رعایت آن الزامی است .عدم رعایت آنها به مسوولیت خود دانشجو خواهد بود
.نیمسال اول
۱ . خواندن (۱) ۴ واحد -
۲ . دستور نگارش (۱) ۴ واحد -
۳ . گفت و شنود (۱) ۳ واحد -
۴ . روانشناسی عمومی ۲ واحد -
۵ . معارف اسلامی (۱) ۲ واحد -
۶ . زبان پیش و فارسی پیش ( در صورت عدم کسب حد نصاب در کنکور ) هر یک ۲ و احد -
نیمسال دوم
۷ . خواندن (۲) ۴ واحد ۱
۸ . دستور و نگارش (۲) ۴ واحد ۲
۹ . گفت و شنود (۲) ۳ واحد ۳
۱۰ . زبان عمومی ۳ واحد ۶
نیمسال سوم
۱۱ . خواندن (۳) ۲ واحد ۷
۱۲ . مهارتهای مطالعه ۲ واحد ۷
۱۳ . مکالمه موضوعی ۲ و احد ۹
۱۴ . کلیات روشها و فنون تدریس (۱) ۲ واحد -
نیمسال چهارم
۱۵ . اندازه گیری و سنجش ۲ واحد ۱۴
۱۶ . آواشناسی ۲ واحد ۷
۱۷ . نمونه های شعر ساده ۲ واحد ۱۱
۱۸. کلیات روشها ...(۲) ۲ واحد ۱۴
۱۹ . طراحی و تولید کاربرد مواد آموزشی ۲ واحد ۱۴
۲۰. فارسی عمومی ۳ واحد فارسی پیش
۲۱ . بهداشت و تنظیم خانواده ۱ -
نیمسال پنجم
۲۲ . روش تدریس زبان انگلیسی (۱) ۲ واحد ۷-۱۲
۲۳ . نمونه های نثر ساده ۲ واحد ۱۱
۲۴ . زبانشناسی (۱) ۲ واحد ۷-۸
۲۵ . تمرین معلمی (۱ ) ۲ واحد ۱۸-۱۹
۲۶ . بررسی کتب زبان انگلیسی ۲ واحد ۱۱
۲۷ . روانشناسی تربیتی ۲ واحد ۵
۲۸ . اخلاق اسلامی ۲ واحد -
نیمسال ششم
۲۹ . روش تدریس زبان انگلیسی(۲) ۲ واحد ۲۲
۳۰ . تمرین معلمی (۲) ۲۵
۳۱ . ارزشیابی زبان انگلیسی ۲ واحد ۲۲-۲۴
۳۲ . تربیت بدنی( ۱ ) ۱ واحد -
۳۳ . قرائت قرآن ۱ واحد -
۳۴ . وصایای امام ۱ واحد -
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چکیده مقررات آموزشی دوره آموزش معلمان
:مجموع واحدهای نیم سال اول و دوم با احتساب نیمسال تابستان ( که اجباری است )۴۰ واحد با ید
باشد
.هر نیمسال ۱۶ هفته است و هر دوره تابستانی ۶ هفته
تعداد واحدهای هر ترم حداقل ۸ و حداکثر ۱۵ بجز تابستان که حداکثر ۱۲ است
معدل زیر ۱۲ مشروط است و فقط میتواند ۱۰ واحد اختیار نماید
حداقل نمره قبولی ۱۰ بجز دروس قرآن که ۱۲ است
نمرات قبولی یا ردی در کارنامه ثبت میگردد
درصورت ۲ بار ردی در درسی آن درس بدون تاثیر در معدل در کارنامه ثبت میگردد
برای محاسبه معدل میانگین نمرات تعداد واحدهای هر درس در نمرات آن درس ضرب و بر مجموع حاصل ضرب تعداد کل واحدها تقسیم میگردد
حذف اضطراری درس طبق برنامه دانشگاه بلامانع است اما واحدها نباید کمتر از ۸ شود
حداکثر مدت مجاز تحصیل در دوره آموزش معلمان ۴ سال است
گرفتن ترم تابستانی اجباری است
در صورت ارائه درس در تابستان در یک دانشگاه امکان میهمان شدن دانشجو وجود ندارد
حداکثر مرخصی تحصیلی فقط ۳ ترم
حذف و اضافه در ترم تابستان وجود ندارد
رعایت پیش نیاز درسها الزامی است و به عهده خود دانشجو است در غیر اینصورت آموزش گروه درسهای مازاد و غیر مجاز را حذف خواهد کرد
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Body Language Sites
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Diet Pills Don't Work Well Temporary weight changes are the usual result of diet pills. Online free-read information about changing the psychological SOURCES of your weight gain.
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Job's Body: A Handbook for Bodywork by Deane Juhan...provides scientific information in an easily understood fashion that explains many aspects of physiology and psychology as they apply to massage and bodywork.
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Free Read Online - Self Help Psychology Book Be Your Own Therapist by Thayer White MA MFT. Valuable down-to-earth resource for following your path of growth into emotions, relationships, spirituality and behavior change.
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QQQ Popular Body Language Sites -
Decoding body language Learn how to read body language and discover a useful communciation skill.
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Conversational Terrorism A list of ways that people can commit verbal violence during ordinary conversations.
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The Interpersonal Web Provides interlinked definitions, resources and theories covering cultural context, relational development, verbal and nonverbal messages, self-concept and listening and perception.
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Nonverbal Dictionary of Gestures, Signs and Body Language Cues Developed from the research of archaeologists, anthropologists, linguists, biologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, semioticians and others who have studied human communication from a scientific point of view.
QQQ More Body Language Sites(How to get your website listed here for FREE)
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Anxiety Sites
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Panic Attacks Site Offers free panic attacks course and audio CD program.
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Anxiety, Phobias & Fears Phobias and Fears can be helped quickly and comfortably with hypnosis sessions from Hypnosis Downloads.com
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Be Your Own Therapist by Thayer White MA MFT. Free read online. Valuable down-to-earth resource for facilitating your growth path into emotions, relationships, spirituality and behavior change.
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Diet Pills Don't Work Well Temporary weight changes are the usual result of diet pills. Online free-read information about changing the psychological SOURCES of your weight gain.
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Emotional Intelligence Test Tis far more important to be smart emotionally rather than intellectually. For emotional "smartness" determines our HAPPINESS.
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TTT Popular Anxiety Sites
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National Anxiety Foundation Directory of health care professionals specializing in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Descriptions of symptoms and treatments for various anxiety disorders, including OCD, Panic Disorder, Social Phobia and PTSD.
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UCLA Child and Adolescent Anxiety Program A source of info regarding the more common types of anxiety disorders, such as separation anxiety, social phobias, panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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Anxiety Disorders Info, resources, and referrals for those suffering from anxiety disorders.
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Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adults Articles on the diagnosis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety and agoraphobia.
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The Anxiety Panic Internet Resource (tAPir) Learn about disorders such as agoraphobia, panic disorders, social phobia and children and anxiety.
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Anxiety Disorders Association of America Info on anxiety, as well as a special section on teen anxiety.
TTT More Anxiety Sites(How to get your website listed here for FREE)
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Master the Art of Letting Go - Holding on wastes our energies and consumes our limited time.
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Anger & Anger Management Sites
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Anger Discussion Forum Discuss anger management with professionals at UncommonForum.com
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Anger Management Download Manage your anger with this session from Hypnosis Downloads.com
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E-IQ Test Emotional intelligence determines HOW HAPPY YOU CAN BE! It's far more important then conventional IQ.
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Free Read Online - Self Help Psychology Book Be Your Own Therapist by Thayer White MA MFT. Valuable down-to-earth resource for following your path of growth into emotions, relationships, spirituality and behavior change.
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ttt Popular Anger & Anger Management Sites
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Managing Anger = Stress? Solutions for controlling the stress that can cause rage and tools for managing and understanding anger.
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American Psychological Association HelpCenter Warning Signs on-line brochure providing info on detecting a tendency of violence and on controlling the anger driving it.
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Psychological Self-Help from MentalHealth.Net This chapter of the book provides info on the signs of anger, theories about how and why aggression develops, and help with preventing or coping with anger.
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Why Is Everyone So Cranky? Book by Leslie Charles. Outlines ten social trends that have created the anger epidemic of our culture and how to combat it.
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WOW Zone Website offers a model for positive social change and evolution.
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Growth Central Help for families, relationships, anger control and anger management, assertiveness, anxiety, panic, binge and compulsive eating. Free info and mental health resources.
ttt More Anger & Anger Management Sites(How to get your website listed here for FREE)
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Reiki Healing Sites
REIKI - Means "Universal Life-Force Energy," and was created by Dr. Mikao Usui of Japan, about 150 years ago. His travels took him to Tibet, where he found ancient texts of healing, with symbols of an extremely spiritual method of healing. It is told that while descending a mountain in Tibet, he twisted his ankle, and prompted by what he had learned, applied this ancient method and healed his ankle. Upon returning to Japan, he formulated this modality into a method that he called “Reiki.” The “Rei” means universal, and “ki” means energy. It is understood that all of creation is energy, and when in particular the body is manifesting symptoms of disease, dis-ease, or is injured in any way, the universal energy flow is impeded, and the body is not able to maintain its natural state of optimum good health. The Reiki practitioner places the hands directly on the recipient, or a few inches above the recipient’s body, without physical contact. In fact Reiki can be sent over great distances by thought and intent. Reiki is a marvelous method to maintain the balance of the emotions, and the body. Anyone can learn this technique, by finding a Reiki Master Teacher, and receiving the attunements, while learning the modality. It is also effective to apply this healing modality to oneself....from the Glossary at HealersOfTheWorld.com
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راهنمای جامع بهداشت روانی شخصی
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Accelerated Learning Acupressure Acupuncture Acyclovir Addiction & Recovery Adipex Phentermine Adult Development Aging & Longevity Alexander Technique Alternative Healing Tools Anger R Anxiety & Stress Aromatherapy Assertiveness Training Astrology Attention Deficit Disorder Avatar Ayurveda Bee Pollen Bioenergetics Biofeedback Body Building Body Language Body Therapies Bodywork Bontril Books Tapes CDs Brain Enhancement Breathwork Business Skills R Business Opportunities Buspar Career Development Celebrex Chelation Child Growth & Parenting Chinese Medicine R Chiropractors Coaching Codependency-Recovery Colon Care Communication Training Continuing Education Coral Calcium Corporate Training Counseling/Therapy Craniosacral Creativity Crystal Therapy |
Dating & Singles Life R Depression Detoxification Diabetes Didrex Dieting & Weight Loss R Divorce Dreams Ear Candling Eating Disorders Empowerment Energy Balancing Exercise Equipment Family Feldenkrais Method Feng Shui Fioricet Fitness Flower Essences Food Supplements Foreign Languages Friendship & Loneliness Gemstone Therapy Goals Death, Dying & Grief Hakomi Happiness R Healing R Health Products & Services Health Education Hemorrhoids Hemp Herbal Remedies Herbs Human Growth Hormone Holistic Products/Services Holistic Health Centers Holographic Repatterning Homeopathic Practitioners Homeopathic Remedies Hypnosis Hypnotherapy Inspirational Quotes IQ & EQ Test Iridology Juicers Kinesiology Leadership Lipitor |
Love,Intimacy,MarriageR Lymphatic Drainage Macrobiotics Magazines Magnetic Therapy Management Training Martial Arts Massage Mediation Medical Advice Meditation Memory Training Men's Issues R Meridia Mind Development Mind Puzzles Miscellaneous Money R Motivation Music & Sound Therapy Natural Food Natural Health Naturopaths Negotiating Skills Neuro Linguistic (NLP) New Age Nexium Nutrition Organic Produce Organizations Orthomolecular Medicine Oxygen Therapies Parenting Past Lives Therapy Paxil Personal Finance Pet Products Phentermine Physicians Polarity Therapy Positive Thinking Pranic Healing Pregnancy Prescription Drugs R Prevacid Prilosec Propecia Prozac Psychology R Public Speaking Qi Gong Rebirthing Recycled Products |
Reflexology Reiki Relationships Relaxation Renova Retin-A Retreats & Retreat Centers Sales Skills Self-Esteem Self-Help General TopicsR Seminars, Workshops Sensory Deprivation Sexuality R Shamanism Shiatsu Software Soma Speed Reading Spiritual Counseling Spiritual Development Sports Stepfamilies Stop Smoking Stress Management Subliminal Learning Success Coaching Synvisc Tai Chi Teenagers & Parenting Tenuate Therapeutic Touch Therapy/Counseling Time Management Ultram Vacations, Retreats, Spa's Valtrex Vaniqa Viagra R Vioxx Vision Therapy Water Products & Services Weight Management Wheatgrass Women's Issues R Writing Tools Xenical Yoga Zocor Zoloft Zyban |
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:13 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Prepositions
| King lives in his house. I am fond of coffee. There is a man at the door. The words in, of and at are Prepositions. The word preposition means, something which is placed before. Prepositions are generally placed before nouns or pronouns. Prepositions do the following:-
Click on the following links to download the exercises : ( requires Adobe Acrobat reader ) 
Click on the links below to learn more about Prepositions:- Between/Among Simple Preposition Compound Preposition Phrase Preposition Preposition: Adverb |
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:9 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Prepositions
| King lives in his house. I am fond of coffee. There is a man at the door. The words in, of and at are Prepositions. The word preposition means, something which is placed before. Prepositions are generally placed before nouns or pronouns. Prepositions do the following:-
Click on the following links to download the exercises : ( requires Adobe Acrobat reader )
Click on the links below to learn more about Prepositions:- Between/Among Simple Preposition Compound Preposition Phrase Preposition Preposition: Adverb |
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:9 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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A POEM 4 U
Of all the flowers rising now,
...Thou only saw'st the head
Of that unopen'd drop of snow
I placed beside thy bed.
In all the blooms that blow so fast,
...Thou hast no further part,
Save those the hour I saw thee last,
...I laid above thy heart.
Two snowdrops for our boy and girl,
...A primrose blown for me,
Wreathed with one often-play'd-with curl
...From each bright head for thee.
And so I graced thee for thy grave,
...And made these tokens fast
With that old silver heart I gave,
...My first gift--and my last.
.....Maritoe Suoe by William Philpot (1823-89)
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:6 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Ending Sentences with Prepositions
Put Your Best Word Forward
Writing Tips by Judy Vorfeld
You must never end a sentence with a preposition! How often did you hear this in school? I have good news: you can end a sentence any way you choose to. Ending sentences with prepositions is something I looked into. Thoroughly.
Let's define a preposition. It's a connective word that shows the relationship (in terms of time, space, cause, ownership, association, accompaniment, or manner) between a noun (or pronoun) and some other word in the sentence. Think "relationship," think "position," when you think "preposition."
Some of the most commonly used prepositions: about, above, across, after, against, along, amid, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, concerning, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, instead, of, off, on, onto, out, over, past, pending, regarding, respecting, round, since, through, to, toward, under, until, unto, up, upon, with, within, without.
There are rules floating around--causing conflict and consternation--that were never really, truly, official grammar rules. They were often the personal preferences of people who liked to speak out on the subject. People in power. Like your fifth grade teacher or your great-aunt Matilda.
These good people are often the same ones who say (or said) we can never begin a sentence with "and," "but," "or," "also," or "however." But they're mistaken. In both cases, it's okay if it makes for an easy-to-understand sentence. However, make sure to use such words in very informal communications.
Sometimes using a preposition at the end of a sentence (terminal preposition) is awkward, and sometimes it's better to use one at the end. For example:
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Awkward: It is not easy to know that about which you are thinking.
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Natural: It's not easy to know what you're thinking about.
If good communication is your goal, just make sure that the sentence is clear for the reader or listener.
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:4 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Phrase and word origins
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یادگیری واژگان انگلیسی
Commercial English
• Common Errors
• Confusing Words
• Customs and Traditions
• English Around the World
• Idioms/Informal English
• Opposites
• Quotes
• Sentences
• Speeches/Texts
• Synonyms
• Talks - Examples
• Talks - How to prepare
• Techniques
• Various
• Vocabulary Lists
• Index Vocabulary
Vocabulary Exercises
• Common Errors
• Confusing Words
• Customs and Traditions
• English Around the World
• Idioms/Informal English
• Opposites
• Quotes
• Sentences
• Speeches/Texts
• Synonyms
• Talks - Examples
• Talks - How to prepare
• Techniques
• Various
• Vocabulary Lists
• Index Vocabulary
Vocabulary Exercises
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:56 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Business English - Commercial English
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کلمات جدید در زبان انگلیسی
The following neologisms and novel uses of words in English were collected by members of the class Linguistics/English 215, Words in English: Structure, History and Use, taught by Suzanne Kemmer at Rice University 1996-99. Over the course of the semester, students collected instances of words and word uses that appear to be new in the language. They defined the words, described their origin where possible, illustrated their use, and analyzed the words in terms of their structure and the types of word formation processes they exemplify.
The list below includes many different structural word formation types, including novel derivations, clippings, back formations, and compounding processes of various sorts. The words also exemplify a wide range of semantic/pragmatic phenomena such as metaphor, metonymy, euphemism, and eponymy.
The words on this page give a good picture of the creative aspects of word formation and use in present day English. Speakers do not confine themselves to existing, conventional units when using language; to express their exact meaning in a given context, they take advantage of the wide range of creative resources provided by their language. Many of these creations become more frequent and conventionalized over time. Looking at new words allows us to get a glimpse of lexical change in progress.
F - N
O - Z
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روند واژه سازی در زبان انگلیسی
English Word Formation Processes
While many words in English have been inherited from older stages of the language, many more words have come into it by other means. Indeed, we are always adopting new words into English, and below are described some of the methods and general word formation processes by which this is done.
Acronyms: These words are formed by taking the initial sounds or letters of the words of a phrase and uniting them into a combination that is itself pronounceable as a separate word. Thus NATO is an acronym for North Atlantic Treaty Organization, laser for light amplification through the stimulated emission of radiation, and radar for radio detection and ranging.
Backformation: Backformation makes use of a process called analogy to derive new words, but in a rather backwards manner, that is from an older word that is mistakenly assumed to be a derivative of it. For example, we have words such as revision and revise and supervision and supervise. Revision is formed by regular derivation from revision + ion. When television was invented, the verb televise was back formed on the basis of analogy with revision and revise, that is:
revision : revise :: television : X
To cite another example, the verb donate was formed on the basis of pairs such as creation—create. We borrowed donation from French and back formed donate.
creation : create :: donation : X
Another example, in the original the final consonant [-z] of pease is not, as it seems to the ear to be, the English plural suffix –s. It is, in fact, not a suffix at all. But by the 17th century, pease was mistaken for a plural, and a new singular, pea, was derived from a word that was itself a singular, precisely as if we were to derive a form *chee from cheese under the impression that cheese was plural; then we should have one chee, two cheese just as we have one pea, two peas.
One very regular source of back-formed verbs in English is based on the pattern: worker—work. The assumption seems to have been that if there is a noun ending in –er (or something close in sound), then we can create a verb for what noun –er does. Hence, an editor must edit, a sculptor must sculpt, and burglars, peddlers, and swindlers must burgle, peddle, and swindle.
Blending: A blend is a combination of the parts of two words, usually the beginning of one word and the end of another: smog from smoke and fog, brunch from breakfast and lunch, and chortle from chuckle and snort. (Lewis Carroll invented this blend, and his poem “Jabberwocky” contains several other examples of interesting blends. Carroll called them “portmanteau words.”)
Borrowing: Foreign words are always being “borrowed” into other languages, especially to accompany new ideas, inventions, products, and so on. When speakers imitate a word from a foreign language and at least partly adapt it in sound or grammar to their native speech patters, the process is called “borrowing,” and the word thus borrowed is a “loanword.” A few examples: alcohol (Arabic), boss (Dutch), croissant (French), lilac (Persian), piano (Italian), pretzel (German), robot (Czech), tycoon (Japanese), yoghurt (Turkish), zebra (Bantu).
A special type of borrowing is described as “loan-translation” or “calque.” In this process, there is a direct translation of the elements of a word into the borrowing language. For example: English hot dogs becomes Spanish perros calientes, English skyscraper becomes French le gratte-ciel.
Clipping: Frequently we shorten words without paying attention to the derivational morphology of the word (or related words). We see here again the element of reduction, already seen in blending. Exam has been clipped from examination, dorm from dormitory, and both taxi and cab from taxi cab (itself a clipping from taximeter cabriolet). Because clipping often ignores lexical and morphemic boundaries and cuts instead in the middle of a morpheme, we end up creating new morphemes and enriching the stock of potential building material for making other words.
Coinage: Words may also be created without using any of the methods described above and without employing any other word or word parts already in existence; that is, they may be created out of thin air. Such brand names as Xerox, Kodak, and Exxon were made up without reference to any other word, as were the common words pooch and snob. Also called “root creation.”
Compounding: Two or more existing words are put together to form a new word: blackboard, expressway, and air conditioner. “Amalgamated compounds” are those words in which the compounded elements are so closely welded together that their origins as compounds is obscured. For example, daisy from Old English dQgesēage, “day’s eye,” lord from OE hlaf (‘loaf’) plus weard (‘guardian’), and sheriff from OE scīr (‘shire’) plus rēfa (‘reeve’).
Derivation: As you know, English has a number of derivational morphemes that we use to derive words. There are other prefixes (added to the beginning of a stem) or suffixes (added to the end of a stem). Some of these derivational morphemes change the grammatical function of a word and some do not; they change the meaning of a word. Some common prefixes: re-, dis-, un-, anti-, ante-, in-, pre-, post-, sub-. Some common suffixes are: -ly, -ness, -y, -er, -ity, -ation, -ful, -able, -al.
Conversion or Functional Shift: A new word may be created simply by shifting the part of speech to another one without changing the form of the word—without adding any affixes. Laugh, run, buy, steal are used as nouns as well as verbs, while position, process, contrast are nouns from which verbs have been formed.
Morphological Misanalysis or False/Folk Etymology: Sometimes people hear a word and misanalyze it either because they “hear” a familiar word or morpheme in the word, or for other, unknown, reasons. These misanalyses can introduce words or morphemes. For example, the suffix –burger. (Hamburger is a clipping from Hamburger Steak.) -burger has since been added to other types of foods: cheeseburger, pizzaburger, salmonburger, veggieburger, steakburger. Another example concerns the creation of (a)holic from a peculiar analysis of alcoholic. This suffix can be found in words such as workaholic and chocaholic. Sometimes a phrase is misheard or misanalyzed, resulting in examples such as: pinching needles from pins and needles, take it for granite from take it for granted, chester drawers from chest of drawers.
Proper Names: Many places, inventions, activities, etc., are named for persons somehow connected with them; for instance, lynch by way of Lynch’s Law, from the Virginian captain William Lynch [1742-1820], who led a campaign of “corporeal punishment” against those “unlawful and abandoned wretches” who were harassing the good people of Pittsylvania County. Boycott comes from Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott [1832-1897] who, because as a land agent he refused to accept rents at figures fixed by the tenants, was the best-known target of the policy of ostracization of the Irish Land League agitators. Other unchanged names of actual people: ampere, bloomer, bowie (knife) cardigan, chesterfield (overcoat or sofa), davenport, derby, derrick, derringer, graham (flour), guy, valentine, watt, zeppelin.
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ایرانیان مشهور
The long history of Iran has witnessed many conquerors, wise rulers and statesmen, artists, poets, historians, and philosophers. In religion, there have been diverse figures. Zoroaster (Zarathushtra), who probably lived in the 6th century BC, founded the religion known as Zoroastrianism or Mazdaism, with Ahura-Mazda as the god of good. In the 3d century AD, Mani attempted a fusion of the tenets of Mazdaism, Judaism, and Christianity. The Bab (Sayyid 'Ali Muhammad of Shiraz, 1819–50) was the precursor of Baha'ism, founded by Baha' Allah (Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri, 1817–92).
Persian rulers of the pre-Christian era include Cyrus ("the Great"; Kurush, r.550–529 BC), Cambyses II (Kambuiya, r.529– 522 BC), Darius I ("the Great"; Darayavaush, r.521–486 BC), Xerxes I ("the Great"; Khshayarsha, r.486–465 BC), and Artaxerxes I (Artakhshathra, r.464–424 BC). Shah 'Abbas (r.1587–1628) expanded Persian territory and conquered Baghdad. Prominent political figures of modern times are Reza Shah Pahlavi (1877–1944), who reigned from 1925 to his abdication in 1941; and his son, Muhammad Reza Pahlavi (1919–80), who was shah from 1941 until his abdication in 1979. Until his death in 1989, Iran was under the leadership of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1900–89).
The great epic poet Firdawsi (Abdul Qasim Hassan ibn-i-Ishaq ibn-i Sharafshah, 940–1020), writing about AD 1000, produced the Shahnama (Book of Kings), dealing with four ancient dynasties and full of romantic and heroic tales that retain their popularity today. Omar Khayyam (d.1123?), astronomer and poet, is known in the Western world for his Rubáiyât, a collection of quatrains freely translated by Edward Fitzgerald. Important figures of the Seljuk period (11th and 12th centuries) include Muhammad bin Muhammad al-Ghazali (1058–1111), philosopher and mystic theologian, who exerted an enormous influence upon all later speculative thought in Islam; Farid ad-Din 'Attar (Muhammad bin Ibrahim, 1119–1229?), one of the greatest of mystic poets; and Nizami (Nizam ad-Din Abu Muhammad, 1141–1202), noted for four romantic epic poems that were copied and recopied by hand and illuminated with splendid miniatures. In the 13th century, Jalal ad-Din Rumi (1207–73) compiled his celebrated long mystic poem, the Mathnavi, in rhyming couplets; and Sa'di (Muslih ud-Din, 1184?–1291), possibly the most renowned Iranian poet within or outside of Iran, composed his Gulistan (Rose Garden) and Bustan (Orchard). About a hundred years later, in 1389, another poet of Shiraz died, Hafiz (Shams ud-Din Muhammad); his collected works comprise nearly 700 poems, all of them ghazals or lyrical odes.
Poets of the modern period include Iraj Mirza (1880–1926), Mirzadeh Eshqi (d.1924), Parveen Ettasami (d.1941), and the poet laureate Behar (Malik ash-Shuara Bahar, d.1951). Preeminent among prose writers was Sadeq Hedayat (1903–51), author of the novel Buf i kur (The Blind Owl) and numerous other works, including films.
Miniature painting came to full flower in the second half of the 15th century. The greatest figure in this field was Bihzad, whose limited surviving work is highly prized. The School of Herat was composed of his followers.
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:47 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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آموزش فوتبال _ به زبان انگلیسی
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:39 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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اخبار لیگ برتر فوتبال انگلیس
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Barclays Premiership Table
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:37 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Explore muscles in the Virtual Body نگاهی علمی به نرمش قسمتهای مختلف بدن (انیمیشن)
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:31 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Are you running properly مقاله ای جالب برای دوندگان
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:27 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Your personal learning style
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Learning a language undoubtedly requires dedication to the cause. You can only learn a language by applying yourself, by putting in the time and effort. During the day today, and when reading these notes, you should bear this in mind. - Two ways to describe learning style Different people learn things in different ways. I think it is important to have some self awareness of your learning style, of what suits your intellect and personality. Here is a brief guide to two ways to look at learning styles. Which parts seem to relate to the way you study and learn? - The four modalities People with a VISUAL learning style use lists to organize their thoughts and recall information by remembering how it was set out on a page People with an AUDITORY learning style like dialogues, discussions and plays and use rhythm and sound as memory aids People with a KINAESTHETIC learning style learn best when they are involved or active andd use movement as a memory aid People with a TACTILE learning style learn well in hands-on activities like projects and demonstrations - Left brain dominated and right brain dominated The brain is divided into two halves which appear to have different mental functions. A left brain dominated learner has a more logical thinking style. They like sequences, logic, lists, numbers and names. They have good reasoning skills. A right brain dominated learner likes image, colour, emotion and patterns. They have good visuo-spatial skills. If you have a left brain preference you could try... writing out information by hand If you have a right brain preference you could try... using shape and colour to highlight information - How to use learning style awareness Once you have explored your learning style and decided what suits you best, you can then approach your learning in a way that will suit your learning style. However, ideally you should try using your whole brain in your learning. If you can you should use a variety of techniques when trying to remember something. If you feel you are right brain dominated, and you draw pictures to help learn things, you should perhaps number those pictures, and so bring your left brain into action. Using both sides of your brain can only help in learning and remembering. So, the best thing to learn from knowing about learning styles is that there are so many different ways to help you learn. It is time to experiment and explore new and imaginative ways to learn... | |
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:25 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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LEARNING TIPS: LIVE CHAT TRANSCRIPT
| Expert: Gareth Rees, English Teacher/Teacher Trainer, ELT materials writer
Here's the first question. It's from Punmou in Canada who asks: How can I memorise vocabulary? Gareth Rees: I think first of all you should be realistic! Don't try to learn more than 15 words a day. Secondly, be selective! Choose words you consider useful and interesting to you. Making a choice helps you remember the words. Finally, be active. Do things with the words. For example perhaps, write little stories or example sentences. Study a word in depth with a good dictionary. And most importantly, organise the words you learn and make connections between them. April: How can I improve my English by reading English novels? Gareth Rees: Well, make sure you enjoy the novel! Don't keep stopping to check words in your dictionary. It is important to try and guess the meanings of words. I recommend that you read the book chapter by chapter. That is at the end of each chapter choose some words that you wish to check. Another good idea is to find exemplary sentences or phrases. Find examples of interesting use of language that you will want to remember. Luke Ye from China asks: I think it is very difficult to improve from intermediate level to advanced, what is the solution? Gareth Rees: Hello Luke Ye. One solution is to read and listen widely. You need to experience as much English as possible. Secondly, you should concentrate on improving your vocabulary and your knowledge of English sentence structure. Fluency is often associated with an advanced level so it is important to find a speaking partner or, if you can, to visit English speaking countries as often as possible. Don't give up! It takes time to become an advanced level speaker or user. But it can be achieved! Teresa from Italy asks: I have problems catching everything when some people speak English, even I when know the English words they use, how can I improve this? Gareth Rees: Hello Teresa. I welcome you study more about English pronunciation. When we speak we often change the sounds of small words - and make connections between other words. This can be very confusing if you don't understand what is happening. And even if you know a word, you may not be able to identify it when it is in a quickly spoken sentence. Mehraneh from Iran: My problem is that I know a lot of English words but when I want to use it in conversation or writing I could not use those. Gareth Rees: When you are doing some written work, make sure that you plan and prepare carefully. This will give you the opportunity to consider your vocabulary and use as many of those words that you know as possible. If you are doing a speaking activity in a class, you can do a similar thing. Preparation, is probably the best way to overcome this problem. Carlos A.: One of my biggest problems with understanding is letter D in words like 'would', 'had', etc. Gareth Rees: This is difficult, you need to consider the whole sentence and the general context for the language. That way, you can decide which grammar is being used. Also, if 'had' or 'would' have been shortened, perhaps they are not so important for the overall understanding. Carlos A.: Ok, that's what I try but because of my lack of practice I am slow to understand when people are talking. Willis: How can I improve my pronunciation? Gareth Rees: Hello Willis - thanks for your question. You can improve your pronunciation by listening. You should find short examples of real spoken English, for example a news headline. Listen carefully and try to repeat the short phrases. Willis: What about changing my African accent to a standard British accent? Gareth Rees: Willis - if you are thinking about changing your accent - this is probably best achieved by listening to and repeating as much authentic English as possible. These days, it is hard to identify a standard British accent, so do not worry if you feel you cannot perfect the accent. Willis: I want to be internatonally understood... Gareth Rees: Willis - that is a good aspiration. Try listening to the BBC World Service. And try to find opportunities to speak English in an international context. Practice is everything! Willis: At the moment, I'm listening to London FM 94.9... Gareth Rees: Willis - that sounds excellent! Willis: I do this every day but no change to my accent. Gareth Rees: Try repeating phrases which catch your ear. Mimicry - can be a fun way to improve your accent! Chieu N.: I am from Vietnam, so my English is not good ! How to improve it? Gareth Rees: Chieu - try to practice your English in a variety of ways. This will help your enjoyment and therefore your learning. There are so many to choose from. To learn a language you do need to practise all four skills: Reading, Listening, Writing and Speaking. Personally, I think you can learn a lot from reading very widely - magazines, books, newspapers, cereal packets, adverts... Whatever takes your fancy. Carlos A.: I think the best way to learn English is doing it without any fear for making faults!! Gareth Rees: Carlos - you've made a very good point there. Don't be afraid of making mistakes! Carlos A.: Is there a big difference between faults and mistakes? Gareth Rees: Carlos - not really - there aren't differences. We generally talk about language mistakes, and personality faults. Or faults with a machine. Chieu N.: How to improve listening? Gareth Rees: Chieu - find good sources of listening if you can - something which has a transcript - a written copy of the words spoken. On our website you can often find places where we do this - and you can listen to them as often as you like while reading the words. Secondly, listen in a variety of ways and be active. This means that sometimes you may have the radio on in the background only. At other times you will listen closely. If you can, find a source of listening that you can listen to repeatedly. The first time you listen to something, try to get a general understanding on repeated listenings try to understand more detail and perhaps even write your own transcript. Chieu - what are you listening to? Chieu N.: I listen to Radio and music. Gareth Rees: Is it possible for you to listen to recorded examples of English so that you can play them over and over again? Claudio: Pronunciation is my problem, too. Willis: When pronouncing the word "singer" is the "g" pronounced? Gareth Rees: The 'n' and the 'g' combine together to make a single sound. This is in the standard British accent. Claudio: So "n" and "g" together is always pronounced "n". Correct? Gareth Rees: No Claudio - the 'n' and the 'g' together make a completely different sound. See if you can find examples on our website http://www.bbcworldservice.com/learningenglish to practise. Willis: Educational/educative, which is commonly used? Do we say, the programme was educative or educational? Gareth Rees: Willis - it should be 'educative' - but in spoken English we usually say 'educational' and this is an example of current language change - well spotted! Val Garner from France asks: What is the most important thing to practice, speaking or listening? Gareth Rees: Hello Val. I think speaking is the most important thing to practise as it involves listening. Also it is a productive skill and so will improve your grammar and vocabulary knowledge. However, both skills are very important. Especially when we remember that when we learn our native tongue we spend a long time listening before speaking. Nosrati, Iran: How can I find out my level in English? Gareth Rees: There are many English Language examinations available around the world, for example the Cambridge Examinations and the Trinity College examinations. I recommend these because they test speaking and listening as well as test your grammar. There are also many commercially available diagnostic tests - which often test listening and grammar knowledge. Besides this, many course books now provide small tests which will show you your level. Aurore from France asks: Is it better to learn alone or with friends? Gareth Rees: Well both approaches would have their advantages. Studying on your own will allow you to concentrate on your own language needs and to practise at your own speed. However, learning with friends will give you an opportunity to practise your speaking and to test each other. Obviously I would suggest you do both! Hugo Vargas: Hello. What is the best way to remember vocabulary? Gareth Rees: Well Hugo, the best way to remember vocabulary is to make sure that you continually revise the words you have been learning. You should check new words again in a couple of days and then in a week or two. Also, make sure that you organise your vocabulary records in a flexible way. Don't just write endless lists. For more information about this, refer to my study pages. Finally, try to use the words that you are learning. Write example sentences, play games, perhaps make little vocabulary flash cards. All the best! Dominique from France asks: How would you use drama with 13 to 16 years old? Gareth_Rees: This question is really for teachers. I recommend you visit the Teaching English website run by the BBC and the British Council where you will find articles and activities concerning this subject: Mai Thai: Do you have any problems while speaking if you pay much attention on grammar, vocabulary? For instance, fluency? Gareth Rees: Hello Mai Tai - yes. Concentrating on grammar and vocabulary can lead to slower speech. It maybe more accurate however it might not be such effective communication. Personally, I think students should at times be careful about their grammar and vocabulary ie their accuracy, but at other times should concentrate on communicating their ideas without worrying about accuracy. Bader from Kuwait asks: How can I stop translating from my language in English when I write? Gareth Rees: Hello Bader - there are two things you can do. Firstly, be sure to prepare and plan your writing in advance. This will allow you to develop your ideas and to find the English expressions that you require. Secondly, I suggest that you work with an English-English dictionary and use this to help you check your vocabulary. Roberto from Mexico asks: Can you give me some tips to improve my communication skills? Gareth Rees: Hello Roberto - to improve your communication skills you should try not to worry about mistakes in your language and to concentrate on communicating your message. Also, you should develop strategies that help you when you do not know the exact word that you require. So you should practise explaining ideas, and meanings of words. Finally, the best way to improve these skills is to practise them in meaningful situations. So, you can have a conversation with an English speaker - perhaps over the internet... because writing is communicating. Kamal Abed: How can I get IELTS? Gareth Rees: By identifying your learning style, you will be able to choose activities that suit your style and therefore help your memory. There really is lots of good advice on those study pages. Kamal - if you have a look at the message board we've put some advice on there about the IELTS exam. Thanks everyone! It's been a pleasure talking to you and I hope my advice has been useful. I wish you all the best in your studies! And hope that you continue to take part in our masterclasses. | |
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| << BACK TO 'LEARNING TIPS' | |
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:20 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Using new technology - DVDs and the internet
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Both of these are suited to language learning and to a variety of learning styles. - The internet You can read, listen and write. And I am sure that before long, speak. Writing practice is excellent for your learning. You can develop both your language accuracy and your fluency. Message boards might be a good place to communicate and focus on your accuracy. Live chat rooms are a good place to focus on fluency, as people don't want to wait too long to hear your response. For listening, the internet may be better than the radio as you can listen again and again. BBC radio is an incredible resource. The ability to listen repeatedly, and to pause, allows you to put into practice the advice I give in the reading and listening skills section. Using a search engine like Google, you can search for sentences and phrases. It can be quite fun writing a sentence using the new vocabulary you have been learning and searching the internet for it. Has anyone else written the same sentence as you?! - DVDs DVDs are a gift to language learners. This is because you can watch a film in sections, Why not watch a section without sub-titles? The best thing about all this new technology is that it allows you to choose how and what to study, learn and remember. By making choices you are already helping your brain remember the language, you are improving your motivation and you can then follow good learning practice. - Enjoy your studies and remember the following Variety is the spice of life and We remember and 90% of what we read, hear, say and do! (Flanagan 1997) | |
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:19 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Improving listening and reading skills
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Obviously, the most important thing is to practise these skills. However, you should think carefully about how you approach a listening or reading text. Consider following the following stages. - Pre-listening or reading If you know the general topic of the text, do some work on this topic before you listen or read. What do you know about this topic in your own language? - First listening or reading You should follow the text through to the end without stopping (unless it is a novel!!). Afterwards, make some notes on what you have remembered or understood. - Second listening or reading Read the whole piece again, making notes as you go, to try and get a full understanding of the text. Underline, or note down, new vocabulary - Dictionary work Look at the vocabulary you have selected, which words do you think are important? Check some of them in an English-English dictionary if you have one. Choose some of these words to learn. Don't choose all of them, you may overload your memory! - Third listening or reading During this stage you may pause and repeat sections to notice the meaning or the use of language - Fine focus In a listening, listen repeatedly to one or two sentences or phrases. Can you identify all the words? Can you listen and repeat? In a reading, choose a sentence or two which shows interesting grammar or sentence style Overall, you should move from a general understanding to a more detailed focus on meaning and structure. Learn to take notes to help organise your understanding and to be an active listener or reader... | |
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:17 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Remembering and learning vocabulary
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Remembering new vocabulary involves storing it in your long term memory. This is best achieved by doing things with the words, organising the words and by making links to other words or memory prompts such as colours. This is where you draw on your knowledge of your learning style. Don't just repeat words endlessly. - Here are some activity ideas. Make connections between new words - which have similar sounds? Do any belong to a themed word family e.g. jobs, the outdoors Write personalised sentences using the new words, something that is relevant to your life Write short stories or paragraphs connecting the words and expressions that you want to learn Look out for the words and expressions you are trying to learn when you are reading or listening to English Make vocabulary cards, each holding a word or phrase, with a definition and something to help you remember the word - a picture, a colour, a movement? Or, keep the words you want to learn in a small notebook with an example sentence. You can then take it with you wherever you go and when you have a few minutes (whilst waiting for a bus), test yourself. Draw simple pictures to represent the words Mime the word, as in the game of charades. - Fight memory decay Make sure that you keep revisiting vocabulary you have spent time learning. If you don't use it, you'll lose it! I always advise my students to look at their class notes again that evening and do some work to fix them into long term memory. Then to look again at the notes a week later, and use the vocabulary in some way, and to look again at the notes a month later. - How do you keep a record of vocabulary? Really, a simple word list is not very useful. Think of a new way to organise your vocabulary. I suggest a system which is really flexible, a loose leaf file is best, perhaps an A5 size one. - Why? This allows you to organise the vocabulary in different ways - by topic, by alphabetical order, by sound, by book unit, by week - and it gives you flexibility, you can change things as you wish. For example, on one page the words may be in a list, on another you can have the same words as a spider diagram. Or, a word may appear on its topic page, and also on a page of words that all use the same dependent preposition... | |
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:16 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Phrasal verbs
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Phrasal verbs are very common and are a really good way to make yourself sound more natural when speaking informal English. They can be difficult, but here you can find out how to use phrasal verbs to talk about each of our topics.
Check out the Funky Phrasals box to see the phrasal verbs to look out for in each topic. You can listen to conversations where the phrasal verbs are used, hear extra examples, and you can also get down to some funky music. If you like, you can read the conversation script on the web-page or, if you prefer, download the complete text of the conversation and the examples. And, at the end, you can test your knowledge by trying the quiz. To download pdf files you need the free Adobe Acrobat software. Get it here | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:11 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Learning English - Wordmaster
| Have you got what it takes to be the BBC Word Master? Play the game to test your vocabulary skills. There are thousands of words to practise.
Game play tips: 1) Beat the clock to maximise point score. 2) Use the clues if you’re stuck, but be careful – clues reduce your time. 3) Get the right pronunciation – click listen to hear the sentence. |
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:10 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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جراحی گرامری !
| GRAMMAR SURGERY | |
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 Martin Parrott, English Language expert
Martin Parrott worked for many years as a teacher and teacher trainer at International House, London, where he was also the Director of Teacher Training. In addition to Grammar for English Language Teachers (winner of the English-Speaking Union Duke of Edinburgh's English Language Award 2000), he is the author of Tasks for Language Teachers (Cambridge University Press 1993) and wrote and produced Teaching Matters, a series of 14 radio programmes for BBC English. Martin answers your questions about the English grammar: - Verb agreement and collective nouns Verb agreement and collective nouns Verbs have to agree with their subject: a plural subject requires a plural verb ('people are ...') and a singular subject requires a singular verb ('the woman is ...'). However, collective nouns like group, government or staff are generally followed by plural verbs ('the Government fail'), except in formal written English where some people still prefer to use a singular verb ('the Government fails'). In many European languages, verbs have special pronunciation and spelling when they express an element of doubt. This form of the verb is called subjunctive. There is nothing similar in English. For example, it makes more sense to think of the use of were in 'If I were you...' as idiomatic, part of a fixed expression. - Past tenses: "People don't always use the past perfect when they should. For example, I read, 'She left home before she was 16.' Shouldn't that be 'She had left home before she was 16.'?" People are often confused because English has so many past tenses and they don't know which to choose. In fact we choose past tenses in order to make the time and order in which things happened clear. If the context or some other words or expressions already make this clear, we often stick to the simple past tense. - Future tenses "I have heard people mixing tenses - for example, saying, 'I will be going to see him'. Isn't that just the same as, 'I'll be seeing him.'?" We choose between a wide range of future tenses and sometimes combine these tenses. Each possibility expresses a different attitude towards the event. 'I will be going to see him' has a different meaning from either 'I'll be seeing him.' or 'I'm going to see him.' It suggests that at a particular moment in the future I will be preparing to see him... | |
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:6 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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انگلیسی ارتباطی برای تجارت
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:5 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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LEARNING TIPS
مقاله ای جالب برای یادگیری انگلیسی
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/events/learningtips.shtml
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:4 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:1 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:56 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Retro English
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What an excellent, or 'groovy', song! It's Gloria Gaynor with the disco anthem 'I Will Survive.' |
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Fashion! In the UK, 'disco' was certainly a word that you would have heard a lot of in the 70's, referring to a style of dancing and music. But it was only one example of the different trends that shaped the look of the decade. There were many other words that described clothing and music trends. |
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Listen to Tony summing up the 70's, in terms of style and fashion: | ||||||
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Unisex The fag-end of hippydom. Well, a 'fag' is slang for a cigarette. Another word that started to be used a great deal in the Western world of the 70's, was 'unisex'. |
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Listen to Tony explaining where the word 'unisex' came from: | ||||||
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Social themes Umm - glam, glitter, glitz, shoddy-showiness and 'unisex'... That seems to sum up 70's styles and fashions. But what were the wider social or political themes, particularly in the UK, that they grew out of? |
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Listen to Tony's thoughts on the UK politics and social issues of the time: | ||||||
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See how much of a 70's language expert you are - check out today's Retro English exercise! |
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:55 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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جین آستین
| Learning English | |
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Jane Austen is one of Britain's most famous authors. Novels such as 'Pride and Prejudice' and 'Sense and Sensibility' are still popular today.The text below is from an interview with Tom Carpenter, administrator of Jane Austen's house. He talks about Jane Austen and her connection to Winchester. Listen to each section then try and choose the correct word for each numbered space. You can find out if you are right or wrong at the bottom of the page.
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:54 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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سوالات انگلیسی خود را مطرح کنید
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Introduction
 New this week: 'In' or 'at'? All of our answers are available online and you can send us new questions. But remember, we can't guarantee to answer every question we receive. See the archive Email us at learningenglish@bbc.co.ukYou can now save the script and audio of our latest answers to your computer for reading and listening anywhere. See below for details. Saving the audio Our audio for downloading is saved in MP3 format. Right click on the 'download the audio' links and choose the 'Save target as' option. Saving the scripts Our scripts are in PDF format. You need the free Adobe Acrobat software to read the scripts. Help with Adobe Acrobat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:48 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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keep your english up-to date
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 Introduction The English language is permanently evolving and developing. New words and expressions are coined and existing words change their meaning as society, culture and technology progress. Professor David Crystal is one of the world's foremost experts on language. He has recorded 26 short talks on some of these words and expressions that have recently made it into the language, if not necessarily into dictionaries. Each unit contains the text of the talk by Professor Crystal. You can also listen to the talk and download the transcript, audio and a lesson plan for teachers. The lesson plan contains teacher's notes, worksheets for students as well as a key to the answers. Latest talk - No:22 - Saddo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:47 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Learning English
| Learn the language of the street - what people say and the topics they like to talk about. Take a look at some of our exciting topics. Then you could try out of the many Lingo Challenges! |
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There are currently 10 topics in Lingo and more to arrive in the near future. Do you have a Lingo topic idea that you'd like see on here? Send it to us and if the demand is great enough for your topic then you may see that topic on the site in the near future. Try using as many of these phrases as you can in a one-minute conversation! How many will you manage to use? Have fun! |
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:45 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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لینکهای بی بی سی
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:40 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Learning English - Teachers
Resources for teachers
Dedicated web site
www.teachingenglish.org.uk
The BBC and British Council have developed a site for teachers of English.
The site is updated regularly and contains
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articles and advice on teaching
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teaching tips you can use in your class
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lesson plans
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practical activities you can download for your class
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the opportunity for you to send in your teaching related questions and any answers and suggestions you would like to share.
Lesson Plans
Words in the News
A weekly lesson plan based on our Wednesday Words in the News story. Each lesson plan comes with notes and instructions for teachers, worksheets for students and a full answer key.
Wednesday 2 November 2005
Story link: Rabid Vampire Bats attack humans in Brazil
Lesson plan (145k pdf)
Wednesday 12 October 2005
Story link: Blatter blasts football's new money men Lesson plan (143k pdf)
Wednesday 5 October 2005
Story link: New Orleans job losses Lesson plan (122k pdf)
Wednesday 28 September 2005
Story link: Scientists find giant squid Lesson plan (145k pdf)
Wednesday 21 September 2005
Story link: Growth in air travel harms environment Lesson plan (145k pdf)
Wednesday 14 September 2005
Story link: England win the Ashes Lesson plan (133k pdf)
Wednesday 7 September 2005
Story link: India EU trade Lesson plan (135k pdf)
Wednesday 31 August 2005
Story link: Londoners party at street carnival Lesson plan (135k pdf)
Wednesday 24 August 2005
Story link: Maradona and the 'Hand of God' Lesson plan (118k pdf)
Wednesday 17 August 2005
Story link: Venezuela plane crash Lesson plan (140k pdf)
Wednesday 10 August 2005
Story link: Climber rescued from dangerous peak Lesson plan (141k pdf)
Wednesday 3 August 2005
Story link: Adidas buys rival Reebok Lesson plan (156k pdf)
Wednesday 27 July 2005
Story link: Hopes and fears for shuttle Discovery Lesson plan (156k pdf)
Wednesday 20 July 2005
Story link: First woman leads Baltimore orchestra Lesson plan (153k pdf)
Wednesday 13 July 2005
Story link: Japan textbook back in spotlight Lesson plan (160k pdf)
Wednesday 6 July 2005
Story link: Live 8 performers' profit question Lesson plan (146k pdf)
Wednesday 29 June 2005
Story link: Chile Peru agreement Lesson plan (132k pdf)
Wednesday 22 June 2005
Story link: Solar sail Lesson plan (151k pdf)
Wednesday 15 June 2005
Story link: Philippine sedition charges Lesson plan (198k pdf)
Wednesday 8 June 2005
Story link: Anne Bancroft dies Lesson plan (191k pdf)
Wednesday 1 June 2005
Story link: Dutch EU vote Lesson plan (132k pdf)
Wednesday 25 May 2005
Story link: EU to increase aid spending Lesson plan (178k pdf)
Wednesday 18 May 2005
Story link: WHO to discuss smallpox research Lesson plan (125k pdf)
Wednesday 11 May 2005
Story link: Cannes film festival Lesson plan (125k pdf)
Wednesday 4 May 2005
Story link: Togo's new president Lesson plan (125k pdf)
On the radio
Knowledge on the Net
A radio series for teachers of English on the internet and how to use it for yourself and your teaching.
If you're an English teacher, have access to the internet and would like to learn more about how the World Wide Web can be used for teaching, then this series can help. It examines a number of the issues related to the use of the internet and provides practical guidance and advice on how teachers can best utilise this modern tool.
For further details about the programmes and its contributors and to listen to the programme, follow the link:- Knowledge on the Net
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:39 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Learning English - Words in the News
Britain remembers war dead 14 November 2005
Riots continue across France 9 November 2005
Olympic torch controversy 7 November 2005
Rabid Vampire Bats attack humans in Brazil 2 November 2005
A test to be British 31 October 2005
Civil Rights icon Rosa Parks dies 26 October 2005
Brazilians say 'no' to gun control 24 October 2005
International stem cell bank open 19 October 2005
China's space plans 17 October 2005
Blatter blasts football's new money men 12 October 2005
Pakistan rescue work 10 October 2005
New Orleans job losses 5 October 2005
German reunification anniversary 3 October 2005
Scientists find giant squid 28 September 2005
Red card for Brazilian referee 26 September 2005
Growth in air travel harms environment 21 September 2005
Germany's election parties meet 19 September 2005
England win the Ashes 14 September 2005
Koizumi achieves clear election victory 12 September 2005
India EU trade 7 September 2005
Destruction of coral reefs 5 September 2005
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Londoners party at street carnival 31 August 2005
World slow to face bird flu threat 29 August 2005
Maradona and the 'Hand of God' 24 August 2005
Pope's message to youth festival 22 August 2005
Australian parliament bans the word 'mate' 19 August 2005
Venezuela plane crash 17 August 2005
Israel begins Gaza Strip pull-out 15 August 2005
Climber rescued from dangerous peak 10 August 2005
Russian submarine rescue 8 August 2005
New York subway search 5 August 2005
Death of John Garang 1 August 2005
Hopes and fears for shuttle Discovery 27 July 2005
Australia approves elephant import 25 July 2005
Spain forest fire 18 July 2005
Japan textbook back in spotlight 13 July 2005
Witch trial girl's 'mother' found 11 July 2005
London bomb attacks 8 July 2005
Live 8 performers' profit question 6 July 2005
Nasa probe strikes comet 4 July 2005
Chile Peru agreement 29 June 2005
World's fastest train 27 June 2005
Solar sail 22 June 2005
Wimbledon begins 20 June 2005
Philippine sedition charges 15 June 2005
Tiny robot cleaners 13 June 2005
Anne Bancroft dies 8 June 2005
Higher salaries for Iraqi professionals 6 June 2005
Dutch EU vote 1 June 2005
Scientists study violence 30 May 2005
EU aid increase 25 May 2005
BBC strike 23 May 2005
WHO to discuss smallpox research 18 May 2005
Hong Kong's holy bun-fight back 16 May 2005
Cannes film festival 11 May 2005
Moscow VE Day 9 May 2005
Labour wins UK election 6 May 2005
Togo's new president 4 May 2005
Royal Mail prize for coming to work 2 May 2005
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Paternity dispute in Egypt 27 April 2005
Japan train crash 25 April 2005
New pope elected 20 April 2005
More children miss out on education 18 April 2005
Labs told to destroy deadly virus 13 April 2005
UK visa delay for young Nigerians 11 April 2005
Police in India investigate deaths of Russian circus animals 6 April 2005
Pope John Paul II lies in state 4 April 2005
UN action in Sudan 30 March 2005
Giant pandas in danger 28 March 2005
Kyrgyzstan political crisis 23 March 2005
Bangladesh storms 21 March 2005
Malaysia to act against pirates 16 March 2005
Moscow Olympic bid 14 March 2005
Colombia drug extradition 9 March 2005
New Sony Corporation chairman 7 March 2005
New European anti-smoking campaign 1 March 2005
The Oscars 28 February 2005
Pope’s controversial new book 23 February 2005
Hunter S Thompson commits suicide 21 February 2005
Lebanon lays ex-PM Hariri to rest 16 February 2005
Tests vindicate tsunami baby pair 14 February 2005
New round-the-world record 9 February 2005
Rice visits Ramallah 7 February 2005
Fighting the opium boom in Afghanistan 2 February 2005
Millions of Iraqis vote in election 31 January 2005
Anti-mafia raids net 46 suspects 26 January 2005
Trace gun exports, campaigners urge 24 January 2005
Airbus unveils 'superjumbo' jet 19 January 2005
Steroid testing for baseball players 17 January 2005
Australia bush fires 12 January 2005
Smoking ban in Italy 10 January 2005
UN tsunami disaster summit 7 January 2005
Three minute silence for tsunami victims 5 January 2005
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Webmaster faces legal action 11 November 2005
US economy a year after President Bush's re-election 4 November 2005
Oxfam says richer governments not helping enough 28 October 2005
Tamiflu supply problems 21 October 2005
Japan's postal reforms 14 October 2005
Amazon levels at 30-year low 07 October 2005
Internet address argument 30 September 2005
Sony to cut jobs 23 September 2005
Two major American airlines face bankruptcy 16 September 2005
Ecuador to discuss oil contracts 9 September 2005
Ecuador to discuss oil contracts 9 September 2005
Calculating the cost of Hurricane Katrina 2 September 2005
Champions' League teams to share half a billion dollars 26 August 2005
Adidas buys rival Reebok 3 August 2005
World trade talks failing 29 July 2005
Debt relief doubts 15 July 2005
Russian economy debate 24 June 2005
Eurotunnel 17 June 2005
Google overtakes Time Warner 10 June 2005
EU Working Time Directive 3 June 2005
Google accused of breaching copyright rules 27 May 2005
No rain in Australia 20 May 2005
French restaurant tax cut 13 May 2005
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Diamond mining in Liberia 29 April 2005
Managing pension funds 22 April 2005
Nike openness 15 April 2005
Rover deal with China collapses 08 April 2005
Japan and Mexico free trade agreement 01 April 2005
EU seeks solutions to slow growth 25 March 2005
Tsunami Bank 18 March 2005
Richest people in the world 11 March 2005
US cotton subsidies 4 March 2005
Bush and Putin hold talks 25 February 2005
China's economic boom 18 February 2005
Russia to restrict foreign bids for natural resources 11 February 2005
Five million Germans out of work 4 February 2005
Hong Kong on red ant alert 28 January 2005
Businesses fail to plan for HIV 21 January 2005
Krafts cuts snack ads for children 14 January 2005
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:37 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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