درسهایی برای آزمون تافل
http://www.learn4good.com/languages/spec_english_toefl.htm
+ نوشته شده در جمعه ۱۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 12:30 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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طالع بینی و آینده شما horoscope
http://2005.astro-group.com/cgi-bin/command2005.cgi?ref=glg&ann=2005-07-02
+ نوشته شده در جمعه ۱۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 12:26 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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سایتی برای تقویت قدرت ذهن و ...
http://www.spiritual.com.au/
+ نوشته شده در جمعه ۱۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 12:24 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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آیا عشق جاودانه میان دو نفر امکان پذیر است؟
دانشمندان ایتالیایی می گويند احساس خوشحالی و وابستگی در آغاز رابطه دو نفر، به افزايش ميزان نوعی پروتئين در بدن آنها مربوط می شود.
شايد برخی از زوجهای جوان موافق نباشند، اما آنطور که دانشمندان ايتاليايی ادعا ميکنند عشق پر احساس ميان دونفر تنها تا حدود يکسال پس از آشنايی دوام می آورد.
تحقيقات دانشگاه پاويا نشان می دهد که احساسات شديد عاشقانه ای که در آغاز رابطه يک زوج برانگيخته می شود، احتمالا در اثر ترشح نوعی ماده شيميايی در مغز آنهاست. پژوهشگرانی که اين تحقيقات را انجام داده اند می گويند احساس خوشحالی و وابستگی در آغاز رابطه دو نفر، به افزايش ميزان نوعی پروتئين در بدن آنها مربوط می شود.
اما اين محققان بعد از انجام مطالعاتی روی افراد مجرد و زوجهايی که رابطه طولانی مدت و يا نوپا داشتند نتيجه گرفتند که ميزان اين پروتئين به مرور زمان کاهش می يابد. دانشمندان مذکور ميزان پروتئين موسوم به نوروتروفين را در بدن افراد ۱۸ تا ۳۱ ساله مورد مطالعه، اندازه گيری کردند.
نتايج اين آزمايشات که در گزارشی در يک نشريه تخصصی اعصاب و روان
(Psychoneuroendocrinology) منتشر شده است، نشان می دهد که ميزان اين پروتئين در ميان زوجهايی که رابطه خود را تازه آغاز کرده اند از افراد ديگر بسيار بيشتر است.
اما بعد از گذشت يکسال ، زوجهايی که رابطه اشان همچنان ادامه داشت مورد آزمايش قرار گرفتند و معلوم شد که ميزان اين پروتئين در بدن آنها به سطح معمول بازگشته است.
پيرگلوئيجی پوليتی ، يکی از نگارندگان اين گزارش گفت: اين يافته ها به معنای آن نيست که پس از يکسال ديگر هيچ عشقی ميان زوجها وجود ندارد بلکه تنها نشان می دهد که عشق آنها ديگر شور و حال اوليه را ندارد.
نظر شما در اين مورد چيست؟ آيا عشق تنها يک فعل و انفعال شيميايی است که پس از يکسال فروکش می کند؟ آيا عشق ابدی و جاودانه ای که در داستانها و افسانه ها روايت آن را خوانده ايم ، امری محال است؟ تجربه خودتان در اين زمينه چه بوده است؟
+ نوشته شده در جمعه ۱۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 12:8 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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How to learn English
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Motivation: Become a person who likes to learn English.
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Dictionary: Get a good English dictionary.
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No mistakes: Avoid mistakes. Try to use correct English from the beginning.
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Pronunciation: Learn to pronounce English sounds. Learn to understand phonetic transcription and the phonetic alphabet.
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Input: Get English into your head by reading and listening to lots of English sentences.
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SuperMemo is a computer program that you can use to learn English. We have used it for 8 years and it has helped us a lot.
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۸ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:12 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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How to buy a good English dictionary
An English dictionary is the most important thing you will need when learning English. A good dictionary will help you learn hundreds of new words, improve your pronunciation and grammar. You can read more about why it is important to get a good English dictionary in another article.
English-English dictionaries
When you think of a dictionary, you usually think of a bilingual dictionary. For example, an English-German dictionary or a French-English dictionary. There is also another kind of dictionary: an English-English (monolingual) dictionary.
Such a dictionary is written only in English. English words are not translated, but they are defined or explained in English. For example, if you look up the word criticize in an English-English dictionary, you will read something like this:
to criticize = to say negative things about; to talk about the mistakes of
Why English-English dictionaries are better than bilingual dictionaries:
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English definitions are real English phrases with grammar and words. If you read them regularly, you will automatically memorize the grammar and words.
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English definitions let you learn more. You will often look up a word because it was part of the definition for another word. For example, if you look up the word naughty, you will read:If you say that a child is naughty, you think that he or she is behaving badly or is disobedient. [Collins COBUILD English Dictionary]
If you don't know the words disobedient and behave, you will have to look them up. So instead of one word, you will have learned three words!
Don't be afraid of using an English-English dictionary. If you can understand this article, you can definitely understand the definitions in an English-English dictionary.
Dictionaries for learners and for native speakers
There are two kinds of English-English dictionaries: dictionaries for learners and dictionaries for native speakers. Dictionaries for native speakers are used by Americans, Britons, etc. to look up very difficult words, such as tintinnabulation. Dictionaries for learners are used by people who are learning English as a second language.
Dictionaries for native speakers usually have more words than dictionaries for learners, but the definitions are complicated, and there are fewer example sentences. Therefore your first dictionary should be a dictionary for learners. Later, you will need other dictionaries — for example, a dictionary of phrasal verbs and a big dictionary for native speakers.
Software dictionaries
If possible, get a software dictionary instead of a paper one. Here are some reasons why:
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Quick searching. Software dictionaries let you look up words very quickly. Typing a word on your keyboard is much, much faster than turning pages in a large, heavy book.
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Easy copying. If you're making your own SuperMemo collection for learning English, you can select whole sentences and definitions in the dictionary, and copy them to your new items.
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Recordings. In many software dictionaries, you can listen to recordings which show you how to pronounce a word. Recordings cannot replace phonetic transcriptions (see below), but they are certainly a useful feature.
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More information/clearer layout. Paper dictionaries have limited space, which is why they are printed in a small font and the layout is very crowded. A computer dictionary has more space, so it can give more information (e.g. more example sentences) or it can present the same information in a clearer way (bigger font, blank lines, etc.).
Why is quick searching so important? Because if you want to learn English well, you should look up lots of words, and a paper dictionary discourages you from that. You want to look up a word, you look at the huge book with 1500 pages, think "Ah, never mind", and you never learn that word. With a software dictionary, once you see how easy it is, you will start looking up hundreds of words every week. And your English will get a huge boost.
Note: The advice in this article applies to both book dictionaries and to software dictionaries. However, the quality of a software dictionary also depends on other features (e.g. ease-of-use, software speed), which are not discussed here.
Phonetic transcription for every word
A good dictionary must give phonetic transcription for every word. Phonetic transcription tells you how to pronounce a word. Without it, you can't say the word properly — you can only read it or write it.
The transcription should be based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), which is the main phonetic alphabet used all over the world. Here is what IPA-based phonetic transcription looks like:
[Longman Active Study Dictionary of English]
Here, the phonetic transcription is marked in yellow. It tells you that image is pronounced like this. (sound recording in .wav format)
Many dictionaries (especially ones published in the US) use their own phonetic symbols (and not IPA symbols). These are a little hard to use, and we do not recommend them to beginners. Some dictionaries give phonetic transcription only for "the most difficult words" (usually less than 5% of all words). Such dictionaries are almost useless to learners, because all English words are difficult if you are not a native speaker. We do not recommend them.
If you want to check if a dictionary uses IPA-based transcription, look at the pronunciation symbols used in the dictionary and compare them with the IPA symbols in our table of phonetic symbols.
Example sentences for every word
A good dictionary must give example sentences for every word. Example sentences are English sentences which contain the word. Some dictionaries give them after the definition of a word. Example sentences are marked in yellow in this picture:
[Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture]
Example sentences are not just helpful — they are actually more important than definitions. While a definition tells you the meaning of a word and (sometimes) gives you some grammatical information, example sentences have at least three advantages:
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They let you check if you've understood the definition correctly. The meaning of a word can become much clearer if you read a few sentences with the word.
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They show you how to use a word in sentences. Many words "go with" certain grammar structures (e.g. important is often used in the phrase "It is important to...") or words (e.g. weather goes with forecast and not e.g. prediction). Example sentences present this information in a clear way. You can easily imitate them to make your own natural sentences.
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They program your brain to produce correct English sentences. If you read an English sentence, there is a good chance that it will stay in your head, and that you will be able to build a similar sentence (or part of a sentence) to express your thoughts another day. So the more English sentences you read, the more you can produce.
(Read more about why example sentences are so important)
Other things to look for
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Simple definitions. The definitions should be easy to understand. If something can be simple, it should be simple. See example of a simple dictionary definition.
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Useful definitions. If possible, the definitions should tell you how to use the word. Generally, longer definitions are better, because they give more information. See example of a useful dictionary definition.
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Both British and American English. Your dictionary should have both British and American words. Also, both British and American pronunciation should be given, because both are used in today's world.
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Phrasal verbs and idioms. There are special dictionaries for these, but every English dictionary should have the most common phrasal verbs and idioms.
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Pictures. Sometimes you can understand a picture better than a definition. See this example.
How many and how big?
It is a good idea to have at least two dictionaries: a large one (about this size) to use at home, and a small (pocket) one to carry with you. For example, you can bring your small dictionary to English classes.
It is an even better idea to have at least two large dictionaries. What for? Well, it's about example sentences. Two example sentences are better than one; four are better than two. With more examples, you have a more complete picture of how a word is used and you can express more in English yourself.
Recommended English dictionaries for learners
For your first learner's dictionary, we recommend the Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's English Dictionary (our review of this dictionary). It's a large dictionary with IPA-based phonetic transcriptions and great example sentences for every word. But the best thing are the definitions: they are very friendly, and they really tell you how to use a word. The CD-ROM (included with the book) allows easy and fast searching, and also includes a Wordbank with lots of additional example sentences.
You can buy the Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's English Dictionary at Elearnaid in hardcover ($37) and paperback ($28). Both include the software version of the dictionary on CD-ROM.
For a small dictionary that you can take everywhere you go, we recommend the Oxford Learner's Pocket Dictionary. It is very small (it will fit in your palm), but has a lot of information. You can get the dictionary from Amazon.co.uk.
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۸ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:12 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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articles and resources
This section contains articles and resources which do not belong in "How to learn English" (the section which presents our English learning method) or the "Successful English learners" section. Enjoy!
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Why English is the most useful language in the world. How English can help you learn, communicate, advance your career.
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Why English classes and courses are a very poor way to learn English.
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12 free mp3's with short stories in clear American English to practice your pronunciation and listening skills.
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...by spelling words correctly and using proper punctuation.
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What is most difficult about learning English as a foreign language?
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Online editor with buttons and keyboard shortcuts for typing pronunciations of English words with the International Phonetic Alphabet.
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Language learning: Myths and facts
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Examples of situations where you can feel good because of knowing English.
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Are you worried because you understand many more words than you actually use? This article may convince you to stop worrying.
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Because they don't realize they can learn English in other ways and because they are too lazy to spend time on learning English.
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About the flawed product development model used by dictionary publishers.
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۸ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:11 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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شعر داستان کوتاه و نمایشنامه - انگلیسی و فارسی
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Poems | |||
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Stories | |||
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Plays | |||
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۸ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:2 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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English Newspaper
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۸ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:55 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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توصیه هایی برای جستجو در اینترنت و ...
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۶ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:6 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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بهترین موتورهای جستجوی در اینترنت
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![[pick]](http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/pk/d_pick.gif){kind=small}
[
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۶ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:6 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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ٍسایتی برای ترجمه متن . صفحات اینترنتی و ... به کلیه زبانهای زنده جهان
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۶ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:1 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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عکسی از حبقوق نبی ( در جوار دانشگاه آزاد تویسرکان )
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۶ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:48 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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در باره کریسمس . روز شکر گزاری و بابا نوئل
The Thanksgiving Story
The Pilgrims who sailed to this country aboard the Mayflower were originally members of the English Separatist Church (a Puritan sect). They had earlier fled their home in England and sailed to Holland (The Netherlands) to escape religious persecution. There, they enjoyed more religious tolerance, but they eventually became disenchanted with the Dutch way of life, thinking it ungodly. Seeking a better life, the Separatists negotiated with a London stock company to finance a pilgrimage to America. Most of those making the trip aboard the Mayflower were non-Separatists, but were hired to protect the company's interests. Only about one-third of the original colonists were Separatists.
The Pilgrims set ground at Plymouth Rock on December 11, 1620. Their first winter was devastating. At the beginning of the following fall, they had lost 46 of the original 102 who sailed on the Mayflower. But the harvest of 1621 was a bountiful one. And the remaining colonists decided to celebrate with a feast -- including 91 Indians who had helped the Pilgrims survive their first year. It is believed that the Pilgrims would not have made it through the year without the help of the natives. The feast was more of a traditional English harvest festival than a true "thanksgiving" observance. It lasted three days.
Governor William Bradford sent "four men fowling" after wild ducks and geese. It is not certain that wild turkey was part of their feast. However, it is certain that they had venison. The term "turkey" was used by the Pilgrims to mean any sort of wild fowl. 
Another modern staple at almost every Thanksgiving table is pumpkin pie. But it is unlikely that the first feast included that treat. The supply of flour had been long diminished, so there was no bread or pastries of any kind. However, they did eat boiled pumpkin, and they produced a type of fried bread from their corn crop. There was also no milk, cider, potatoes, or butter. There was no domestic cattle for dairy products, and the newly-discovered potato was still considered by many Europeans to be poisonous. But the feast did include fish, berries, watercress, lobster, dried fruit, clams, venison, and plums.
This "thanksgiving" feast was not repeated the following year. But in 1623, during a severe drought, the pilgrims gathered in a prayer service, praying for rain. When a long, steady rain followed the very next day, Governor Bradford proclaimed another day of Thanksgiving, again inviting their Indian friends. It wasn't until June of 1676 that another Day of Thanksgiving was proclaimed.
On June 20, 1676, the governing council of Charlestown, Massachusetts, held a meeting to determine how best to express thanks for the good fortune that had seen their community securely established. By unanimous vote they instructed Edward Rawson, the clerk, to proclaim June 29 as a day of thanksgiving. It is notable that this thanksgiving celebration probably did not include the Indians, as the celebration was meant partly to be in recognition of the colonists' recent victory over the "heathen natives," (see the proclamation). 
October of 1777 marked the first time that all 13 colonies joined in a thanksgiving celebration. It also commemorated the patriotic victory over the British at Saratoga. But it was a one-time affair.
George Washington proclaimed a National Day of Thanksgiving in 1789, although some were opposed to it. There was discord among the colonies, many feeling the hardships of a few Pilgrims did not warrant a national holiday. And later, President Thomas Jefferson scoffed at the idea of having a day of thanksgiving.
It was Sarah Josepha Hale, a magazine editor, whose efforts eventually led to what we recognize as Thanksgiving. Hale wrote many editorials championing her cause in her Boston Ladies' Magazine, and later, in Godey's Lady's Book. Finally, after a 40-year campaign of writing editorials and letters to governors and presidents, Hale's obsession became a reality when, in 1863, President Lincoln proclaimed the last Thursday in November as a national day of Thanksgiving.
Thanksgiving was proclaimed by every president after Lincoln. The date was changed a couple of times, most recently by Franklin Roosevelt, who set it up one week to the next-to-last Thursday in order to create a longer Christmas shopping season. Public uproar against this decision caused the president to move Thanksgiving back to its original date two years later. And in 1941, Thanksgiving was finally sanctioned by Congress as a legal holiday, as the fourth Thursday in November.
Thanks & Giving asks us to give ‘Thanks’ for the healthy children in our lives, while ‘Giving’ to help children everywhere who are desperately ill and battling to stay alive.
This national event was created to benefit St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital—the world’s epicenter of pediatric medical research that was founded by the late entertainer, Danny Thomas.
Thanks & Giving helps put meaning back into the holidays
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How Christmas Works
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Who is this Santa Claus person
Why is Santa characterized as a short, fat and jolly pipe smoker?
Why does Santa wear such outlandish clothes?
Why does he ride around in a sleigh? Pulled by reindeer? That lands on rooftops? So he can climb down the chimney? With a big sack full of toys? Which he leaves under the tree for good girls and boys?
According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, Santa Claus started with a real person, Saint Nicholas, a minor saint from the fourth century:
According to tradition, he was born in the ancient Lycian seaport city of Patara, and, when young, he traveled to Palestine and Egypt. He became bishop of Myra soon after returning to Lycia. He was imprisoned during the Roman emperor Diocletian's persecution of Christians but was released under the rule of Emperor Constantine the Great and attended the first Council (325) of Nicaea. After his death he was buried in his church at Myra, and by the sixth century his shrine there had become well known. In 1087, Italian sailors or merchants stole his alleged remains from Myra and took them to Bari, Italy; this removal greatly increased the saint's popularity in Europe, and Bari became one of the most crowded of all pilgrimage centres. Nicholas' relics remain enshrined in the 11th-century basilica of San Nicola, Bari. Nicholas' reputation for generosity and kindness gave rise to legends of miracles he performed for the poor and unhappy. He was reputed to have given marriage dowries of gold to three girls whom poverty would otherwise have forced into lives of prostitution, and he restored to life three children who had been chopped up by a butcher and put in a brine tub. In the Middle Ages, devotion to Nicholas extended to all parts of Europe. He became the patron saint of Russia and Greece; of charitable fraternities and guilds; of children, sailors, unmarried girls, merchants, and pawnbrokers; and of such cities as Fribourg, Switz., and Moscow. Thousands of European churches were dedicated to him, one as early as the sixth century, built by the Roman emperor Justinian I, at Constantinople (now Istanbul). Nicholas' miracles were a favourite subject for medieval artists and liturgical plays, and his traditional feast day was the occasion for the ceremonies of the Boy Bishop, a widespread European custom in which a boy was elected bishop and reigned until Holy Innocents' Day (December 28).
After the Reformation, Nicholas' cult disappeared in all the Protestant countries of Europe except Holland, where his legend persisted as Sinterklaas (a Dutch variant of the name Saint Nicholas). Dutch colonists took this tradition with them to New Amsterdam (now New York City) in the American colonies in the 17th century. Sinterklaas was adopted by the country's English-speaking majority under the name Santa Claus, and his legend of a kindly old man was united with old Nordic folktales of a magician who punished naughty children and rewarded good children with presents.
("Nicholas, SAINT", Britannica CD. Version 97. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 1997.)
It is amazing but true that the common, popular view of Santa that we all have today, along with all the crazy things around Santa like the sleigh, the reindeer and the chimney, all came largely from two publishing events that occurred in the 1800s and one advertising campaign in this century. Clement Moore wrote "The Night Before Christmas" in 1822 for his family. It was picked up by a newspaper, then reprinted in magazines and it spread like wildfire. Moore admitted authorship in 1838. If you read the poem you will find that he names the reindeer, invents the sleigh, comes up with the chimney and the bag of toys, etc. Nearly everyone in America has been able to recognize or recite this poem since the 1830s.
Then, between 1863 and 1886, Harper's Weekly (a popular magazine of the time) ran a series of engravings by Thomas Nast. From these images come the concepts of Santa's workshop, Santa reading letters, Santa checking his list and so on. Coca-Cola also played a role in the Santa image by running a set of paintings by Haddon Sundblom in its ads between 1931 to 1964.
The red and white suit came, actually, from the original Saint Nicholas. Those colors were the colors of the traditional bishop's robes.
See also A Brief History of Santa for a good set of Santa pictures.
Next Page >>
Also known as: St. Nicholas; Kris Kringle; Father Christmas
Santa Claus is the mythical figure who delivers toys to children around the world on Christmas Eve. According to legend Santa lives at the North Pole, oversees a toy workshop run by busy elves, and flies around the world in a sled pulled by eight reindeer: Blitzen, Comet, Cupid, Dancer, Dasher, Donder, Prancer, and Vixen. (A ninth reindeer with a shiny nose, Rudolph, was introduced in Gene Autry's 1949 country music hit "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer.") The name Santa Claus was derived from Sinterklaas, the Dutch term for the ancient Christian figure of Saint Nicholas.
Extra credit: The Santa Claus myth was popularized in America by the 1823 poem "A Visit From Saint Nicholas," attributed to Clement Moore. The poem begins "Twas the night before Christmas"... An 1897 editorial by Frank P. Church in the New York Sun coined the famous phrase "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus." Church was replying to a letter from a young reader, Virginia O'Hanlon, who asked if Santa Claus really existed... According to Microsoft's Encarta, the nickname Kris Kringle evolved from the German words for Christ child, Christkindl.
Other holiday figures include Saint Patrick, Saint Valentine and Punxsutawney Phil... St. Nicholas appears with Jesse James in our loop Exhumation Celebration.
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۶ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:37 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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کدهای آهنگ برای وبلاگ
+ نوشته شده در شنبه ۵ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:17 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Books to Download
+ نوشته شده در شنبه ۵ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:15 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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The Little Prince شازده کوچولو اثر عظیم آنتوان دو سنت اگزوری
+ نوشته شده در شنبه ۵ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:14 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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اصطلاحات ادبی انگلیسی ( به سفارش امیر ا. )
| Alliteration | Anacoluthon | Anadiplosis | Anaphora | Anastrophe |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antistrophe | Antithesis | Aporia | Aposiopesis | Apostrophe |
| Archaism | Assonance | Asyndeton | Brachylogy | Cacophony |
| Catachresis | Chiasmus | Climax | Euphemism | Hendiadys |
| Hypallage | Hyperbaton | Hyperbole | Hysteron-Proteron | Irony |
| Litotes | Metaphor | Metonymy | Onomatopoeia | Oxymoron |
| Paradox | Paraprosdokian | Paronomasia | Personification | Pleonasm |
| Polysyndeton | Praeteritio | Prolepsis | Simile | Syllepsis |
| Synchysis | Synecdoche | Synesis | Tautology | Zeugma |
+ نوشته شده در شنبه ۵ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:12 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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نمونه مطالب و طرح درس برخی اساتید زبان انگلیسی
+ نوشته شده در شنبه ۵ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:6 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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سایتهایی برای متن یک ترانه انگلیسی یا ...
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آشنایی با کریستی برگ ( برای تقویت انگلیسی )
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THE WORLD OF LEARNING
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Learning English
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English Exams
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بانک اطلاعاتی دانشگاه آکسفورد
بانک اطلاعاتي Oxford scholarship وابسته به دانشگاه آکسفورد و با حدود 1000 عنوان از کتابهاي انتشارات آکسفورد در چهار رشته: دين، فلسفه، اقتصاد و علوم سياسي.
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سایت گروه زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه کاشان
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سایت دانشجوی قدیمی رشته کارشناسی کامپیوتر سیامک ...
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اموزش نصب ويندوز xp
ابتدا بايد يك cd ويندوزxp داشته باشيد . دقت كنيد كه اين cd بايد bootable باشد. اگر ميخواهيد كه ويندوز فعلي را تبديل به ويندوز xp كنيد يا update كنيد نيازي به cd بوت نداريد. cd ويندوز را درون cd rom گذاشته و ويندوز اتوماتيك auto run خواهد شد.دقت كنيد كه اگر بخواهيد ويندوز فعلي خود را كه مثلا 98 ياme يا2000 ميباشد را update كنيد اطلاعات شما مثلا my document شما و برنامه هاي نصب شده شما حفظ خواهد شد.ولي اگر ويندوز شما ايراد دارد.بهتر است ان را از اول فرمت و نصب كنيد كه اين نوع نصب در اينجا توضيح داده شده است.
بعد از اين كه cd ويندوز را گذاشتيد. خود به خود مرحله نصب ويندوز شروع خواهد شد . روي گزينه install windows xp كليك كنيد.
در قسمت بعد از شما پرسيده ميشود كه ميخواهيد يك ويندوز جديد نصب كنيد يا ويندوز فعلي را update كنيد در صورتي كه در ويندوز فعلي شما ايرادي ندارد و ميخواهيد ان را تبديل به xp كنيد اين مرحله را رد كنيد و دست نزنيد زيرا به طور خودكار upgrade recommandedانتخاب شده است.ولي چنانچه قصد داريد ويندوز جديدي در درايوي ديگر نصب كنيد بايد new instalation را انتخاب كنيد.در اين صورت بعد از نصب كامل ويندوز xp هنگامي كه سيستم را روشن ميكنيد دو منو ظاهر شده و از شما پرسيده خواهد شد كه ميخواهيد وارد كدام ويندوز شويد.بدين ترتيب شما 2 ويندوز خواهيد داشت.
در مرحله بعد بايد سريال ويندوز را وارد كنيد اين سريال احتمالا در پشت كيس cd يا درون خود cd داخل فايلي به نام serial يا cd key يا readme نوشته شده.
در قسمت بعد روي دكمه advanced option كليك كرده و در پنجره جديد گزينه دوم را تيك بزنيد.اين براي اين است كه شما درايوي را كه ويندوز در ان ريخته شود را انتخاب كنيد.همچنين جهت تسريع كار ميتوانيد گزينه اول را تيك بزنيد تا تمامي فايلهاي ويندوز روي هارد ريخته شده و از انجا نصب شوند.بر روي ok كليك كنيد. در قسمت پايين ميتوانيد زبان خود را انتخاب كنيد ان را farsiانتخاب كنيد تا ابزار فارسي نصب شوند. (اگر تصميم داريد از فارسي سازي مثل سينا پك استفاده كنيد اين قسمت را دست نزنيد).حال بر روي next كليك كنيد.
در اين مرحله از شما سوال ميشود ميخواهيد نصب ويندوز رو از اينترنت به روز كنيد؟ چنانچه مايل باشيد ميتوانيد گزينه بالا را انتخاب كرده و next را بزنيد در اين صورت اخرين update ها از اينترنت دانلود خواهد شدولي با انتخاب گزينه پاييني بدون update وارد مرحله بعد مي شويد.به هر حال بعد از رد كردن اين قسمت فايلهاي ضروري اتوماتيك كپي يا دانلود خواهند شد و سيستم restart خواهد شد.
منتظر بمانيد تا ويندوز مراحل نصب را طي كند بعد از اين كه به متني كه حاوي توضيحات مايكروسافت و نوعي قرارداد با شما ميباشد رسيديد.روي F8 كليك كنيد تا تائيد شود.
در قسمت بعد چنانچه شما قبلا ويندوزي داشته باشيد از شما خواهد شد كه ميخواهيد روي همان ويندوز نصب شود يا انتخاب با شما باشد. با زدن دكمه R ميتوانيد روي همان ويندوز نصب كنيد و با زدن دكمهEsc انتخاب درايو ظاهر خواهد شد.پيشنهاد ما Escميباشد.
اگر Escرا زده باشيد اين قسمت يعني قسمت انتخاب درايو ظاهرمي شود. ميتوانيد درايو مورد نظر را انتخاب كنيد همچنين با زدن دكمه Dميتوانيد درايو را پاك كنيد تا بعدا تبديل به درايو جديد يا تبديل به دو يا چند درايو كنيد. بعد از اين كه D را بزنيد دوباره دكمه Lرابزنيد حال درايو پاك شده.ميتوانيد درايو پاك شده را انتخاب و با زدن دكمهCان را دوباره بسازيد.وقتي ان را ميسازيد ميتوانيد هجم ان را تايين كنيد .مثلا اگر ميخواهيد درايو را تبديل به دو درايو كنيد.بايد هجم فعلي را تبديل به 2 كرده و Enter كنيد.حال دو درايو جديد خواهيد داشت.البته براي عوض كردن يا تقسيم هجم درايو ميتوانيد از Partition Magic هم استفاده كنيد كه اموزش ان در بخش اموزش گذاشته شده.يا اين كه براي ساخت پارتيشن هاي خود بايد Fdisk را بلد باشيد كه ان هم در قسمت اموزش ياد داده شده است. به حر حال با انتخاب درايو مورد نظر خود ميتوانيد وارد قسمت بعد شويد.
در اينجا ميتوانيد انتخاب كنيد كه فرمت درايو شما چه باشد FAT يا NTFSتفاوت اين دو را در اينجا ببينيد و انتخاب كنيد.بهتر است گزينه هايي كه جلوي ان كلمه Quick نوشته شده را انتخاب نكنيد زيرا فرمت كامل مناسب تر است. بعد از اين كه مراحل را رد كرديد ويندوز فرمت انتخابي شما را اغاز كرده و سپس فايلهاي مورد نياز را كپي ميكند. سپس سيستم restart خواهد شد.
بعد از شروع مجدد سيستم منتظر بمانيد تا مرحل نصب اتوماتيك پيش برود تا اينكه شما با پنجره اي مواجه خواهيد شد.در اينجا زبان خود را انتخاب ميكنيد .چنانچه در قسمت چهارم شما فارسي را انتخاب كرده ايد اين قسمت را دست نزنيد . فقط در قسمت details عربي را remove كنيد(البته اين كار بستگي به نوع كيبورد شما دارد ولي در اكثر كيبوردها با اين كار چند ايراد جزئي بر طرف خواهد شد به هر حال فارسي سازي ويندوز xp كامل نيست و ايراداتي در حروف ي پ ژ گ احتمالا خواهيد داشت براي فارسي كردن ويندوز ميتوانيد از يك فارسي ساز استفاده كنيد) رو دكمه ok زده و nextكنيد.
از اينجا به بعد براي هر دو حالت نصب از روي ويندوز و نصب از boot مشترك ميباشد.
در اين جا نام خود و نام كمپاني يا شركت يا هرچه دوست داريد.مثلا home
در اينجا نام كامپيوتر خود را مينويسيد كه نامي به عنوان پيش فرض نوشته ميشود.در قسمت پايين ميتوانيد پسور مديريت كامپيوتر را وارد كنيد به اين ترتيب كسي نميتواند به جاي شما وارد شود زيرا شما مديريت كامپيوتر را داريد و ميتوانيد حتي براي استفاده كننده هاي ديگر هم قواعدي خواص تايين كنيد مثلا برادر كوچك شما نتواند فايلها را پاك كند.
اين قسمت براي تنظيمات اتصال به اينترنت است.روي منوي پايين روي اول زده و ايران را انتخاب كنيد.در قسمت What Area Code استان را ميزنيد مثلا براي تهران 021 در قسمت dial nomber چيزي ننويسيد.و در پايين هم نوع ارتباط تلفني خود تون يا پالس را انتخاب كنيد و next كنيد.
در اينجا ساعت محلي را انتخاب ميكنيد.جلوي time zone اگر در ايران هستيد GMT+03:30 Tehran را انتخاب كنيد.و بر روي next كليك ميكنيد .ويندوز نصب را ادامه داده و سر انجام به پايان ميرساند و سيستم restart خواهد شد.
بعد از شروع مجدد ويندوز از شما سوالاتي خواهد شد شما تمام گزينه هايي كه از شما ميخواهد ويندوز را توسط اينترنت رجيستر كنيد را كنسل كنيد(بايد گزينه هاي پايين را انتخاب كنيد) زيرا هنوز معلوم نيست مودم شما به درستي كار ميكند يا نه ؟
سپس در اخر از شما خواسته ميشود 5 user معرفي كنيد كه شما براي اولي نام خود را وارد كرده و finish را بزنيد.حال شما وارد ويندوز جديد شده ايد.
نصب ويندوز از بوت
براي اين كه ويندوز را از اول نصب كنيد بايد يك cd بوت داشته باشيد هنگامي كه سيستم را روشن ميكنيد كليد delete را نگه داريد و وارد تنظيمات setup شويد.اكثر mother board هاي جديد در همان بالا منوي bootرا دارند كه شما با زدن كليد هاي چپ و راست ميتوانيد وارد ان شويد و بوت اول خود را cdrom انتخاب كنيد.بايد روي ان enter زده و cdrom را انتخاب كنيد.سپس روي exit رفته و save and exit يا چيزي شبيه به اين را بياد انتخاب كنيد كه تنظيمات شما را زخيره كند.حال هنگام روشن كردن سيستم اگر cd بوت در سيستم باشد ميتوانيد از ان استفاده كنيد.بعد از اين كه cd بوت شد و هنگامي كه گفته ميشود press any key .......... دكمه اي را بزنيد تا وارد مراحل نصب ويندوز شويد.
منتظر بمانيد تا ويندوز مراحل نصب را طي كند بعد از اين كه به متني كه حاوي توضيحات مايكروسافت و نوعي قرارداد با شما ميباشد رسيديد.روي F8 كليك كنيد تا تائيد شود.
در قسمت بعد چنانچه شما قبلا ويندوزي داشته باشيد از شما خواهد شد كه ميخواهيد روي همان ويندوز نصب شود يا انتخاب با شما باشد. با زدن دكمه R ميتوانيد روي همان ويندوز نصب كنيد و با زدن دكمهEsc انتخاب درايو ظاهر خواهد شد.پيشنهاد ما Escميباشد.
اگر Escرا زده باشيد اين قسمت يعني قسمت انتخاب درايو ظاهرمي شود. ميتوانيد درايو مورد نظر را انتخاب كنيد همچنين با زدن دكمه Dميتوانيد درايو را پاك كنيد تا بعدا تبديل به درايو جديد يا تبديل به دو يا چند درايو كنيد. بعد از اين كه D را بزنيد دوباره دكمه Lرابزنيد حال درايو پاك شده.ميتوانيد درايو پاك شده را انتخاب و با زدن دكمهCان را دوباره بسازيد.وقتي ان را ميسازيد ميتوانيد هجم ان را تايين كنيد .مثلا اگر ميخواهيد درايو را تبديل به دو درايو كنيد.بايد هجم فعلي را تبديل به 2 كرده و Enter كنيد.حال دو درايو جديد خواهيد داشت.البته براي عوض كردن يا تقسيم هجم درايو ميتوانيد از Partition Magic هم استفاده كنيد كه اموزش ان در بخش اموزش گذاشته شده.يا اين كه براي ساخت پارتيشن هاي خود بايد Fdiskرا بلد باشيد كه ان هم در بخش اموزش ياد داده شده است. به حر حال با انتخاب درايو مورد نظر خود ميتوانيد وارد قسمت بعد شويد.
در اينجا ميتوانيد انتخاب كنيد كه فرمت درايو شما چه باشد FAT يا NTFSتفاوت اين دو را در اينجا ببينيد و انتخاب كنيد.بهتر است گزينه هايي كه جلوي ان كلمه Quick نوشته شده را انتخاب نكنيد زيرا فرمت كامل مناسب تر است. بعد از اين كه مراحل را رد كرديد ويندوز فرمت انتخابي شما را اغاز كرده و سپس فايلهاي مورد نياز را كپي ميكند. سپس سيستم restart خواهد شد.
بعد از اين كه سيتم restart شد كاملا صبر كنيد تا ويندوز مراحل نصب را ادامه دهد اگر به پنجره وارد كردن كد ويندوز رسيديد كدي كه در كيس ويندوز يا در فايلي متني با نام serial يا cd key قرار دارد وارد كنيد.اين پنجره بستگي به تنظيمات شما ممكن است در اين قسمت يا در قسمتهاي بعد ظاهر شود.
در اينجا زبان خود را انتخاب ميكنيد .براي اين كه امكان تايپ فارسي داشته باشيد روي customizeكليك كرده و تب language را انتخاب كنيد سپس هر دو تيك را علامت بزنيد و apply را بزنيد تا فايلهاي مربوط نصب شوند بعد در قسمت details روي add كليك كرده و فارسي را اضافه كنيد. رو دكمه ok زده و nextكنيد
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:36 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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« خط شناسي »
دستخط هركس اسرار نهفته اي را در مورد شخصيت او آشكار مي كند.
تحليل دستخط هرفرد مي تواند بيش از 100 خصوصيت از شخصيت او را براي ما معرفي كند
و ما مي توانيم نكات مهمي را در مورد خصوصيات فرد و روابط شخصي و روابط شغلي وي دريابيم.
ميخواهيد به برخي از حقايقي كه در دستخط شما نهفته ، آگاهي يابيد؟!…
ما در اين مورد به شما كمك كرده ايم:
دستخط و نوع واكنش فرد در قبال مسايل مختلف زندگي
ميزان شيب دستخط هركس، نشاندهنده نوع واكنش عاطفي فرد در موقعيتهاي عاطفي است.
هر قدر دستخط شما به سمت راست يا چپ متمايل باشد ( شكل 1 و 2 ) ، واكنش شما در قبال مسايل زندگي، عاطفي تر است. يعني: « شما تحت فرمان قلب خود هستيد». و اگر دستخط شما حالت عمودي دارد (شكل3) ، واكنش هاي شما بيشتر منطقي و عقلاني است. يعني معمولاً براساس حقايق، اطلاعات و منطق، واكنش نشان مي دهيد و واكنش شما در قبال مسايل مختلف زندگي، كمتر جنبه احساسي دارد. يعني: « شما تحت فرمان مغز خود هستيد».
دستخط و شيوه تفكر
مردم به روشهاي مختلفي مي انديشند. شما چطور!؟… آيا درك بسيار سريعي داريد و قبل از آنكه توضيح گوينده راجع به مسئله اي به پايان برسد، منظور وي را به خوبي در مي يابيد و يا خير، در اين زمينه كندتريد و بايد با دقت بيشتري به مطالب توجه كنيد و دير به نتيجه گيري مي پردازيد؟
نحوه نوشتن حروف m و n بيانگر روش تفكر شماست ( در زبان فارسي، احتمالاً طرز نوشتن حروف دندانه دار مثل « س » و «ش » و غيره مي تواند روش تفكر شخص را نشان دهد).
اگر شما حروف m و n را بصورت نوك تيز مي نويسيد كه شبيه w و u مي شود( شكل 4 )، شما فردي سريع الانتقال هستيد كه مسايل را خيلي زود درك مي كند. اما اگر حروف m و n را به شكل قوس دار مي نويسيد (شكل 5) ، شما فردي دقيقتر هستيد ولي سرعت درك كمتري داريد.
دستخط و قدرت تجزيه و تحليل فرد
اگر شما حروف m و n را بصورت خطوطي شكسته مي نويسيد ( شكل6)، بطوري كه در بين دندانه ها، حرف v كوچكي ايجاد مي شود، شما از قدرت تحليل خوبي برخورداريد. اما اگر دندانه هاي حروف m و n را قوس دار مي نويسيد (مثل دستخط بچه هاي ابتدايي)، در زمينه تجزيه و تحليل مسايل ضعيف هستيد (شكل7).
دستخط و رك گويي شخص
اگر در زندگي شخصي رك گو و صريح هستيد و براي طرح يك موضوع اصلاً طفره نمي رويد و زياد به مقدمه چيني نمي پردازيد، شما معمولاً نخستين حرف از هركلمه را از بالاي خط تراز، نمي نويسيد(شكل8). اما اگر نخستين حرف از هر كلمه را از روي خط تراز شروع مي كنيد (شكل9) ، شما فردي هستيد كه در رفتار و گفتار خود حاشيه مي رويد و حرفتان را رك و صريح بيان نمي كنيد. مثلاً ابتدا از وضعيت آب و هوا مي گوييد، بعد راجع به بازي فوتبال شب قبل صحبت مي كنيد و بعد شروع به گفتن حرف مورد نظرخود مي نماييد.
اكنون شما چه فكر مي كنيد!؟. . .
اكنون شما فكر مي كنيد، فردي كه تحت فرمان مغز خويش است، مطالب را سريع درك مي كند، تحليل گر است و رك گو مي باشد، با فردي كه تحت فرمان قلب خويش است، مطالب را بطور آهسته تر و دقت و توجه بيشتري درك مي كند، چندان تحليل گر نيست و در گفتار و كردار خود، مستقيم به سر اصل مطلب نمي رود، آيا اين دو نفر مي توانند با هم دوست شوند، ازدواج كنند و سازگاري داشته باشند!؟…
البته من ! فكر ميكنم، شناخت ، درك، معتبر شمردن و احترام گذاشتن به تفاوتهاي يكديگر، مي تواند مسيري طولاني به سمت سازگاري و توافق دو نفر باشد و تحليل دستخط افراد، نه مانع سازگاري و به تفاهم رسيدن آنها باهم ، بلكه كمكي در راه تشخيص و درك تفاوتهاي آنان جهت سعي در به تفاهم رسيدن آنها باشد.
« موفق باشيد»
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:35 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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تستهای روانشناسي
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:34 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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لیست واحدهای دوره کارشناسی زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی و کاردانی آموزش زبان انگلیسی
کارشناسی زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی
دروس پیش نیاز به رنگ قرمز مشخص شده و دانشجویان ملزم به رعایت آنها هستند . عدم رعایت آنها به مسوولیت خود دانشجو خواهد بود
.نیمسال اول
۱ . خواندن (۱) ۴ واحد درک مفاهیم پیش ۲ واحد
۲ . دستور نگارش (۱) ۴ واحد دستور نگارش پیش ۲ واحد
۳ . گفت و شنود (۱) ۴ واحد گفت و شنود پیش ۲ واحد
(
دروس زبان پیش ۲ واحد / فارسی پیش ۲ واحد در صورت لزوم با توجه به نمره کنکور دانشجو ارائه می گردد )نیمسال دوم
۴ . خواندن (۲) ۴ واحد ۱
۵ . دستور نگارش (۲) ۴ واحد ۲
۶ . گفت و شنود (۲) ۴ واحد ۳
۷ . فنون یادگیری ۲ واحد -
نیمسال سوم
۸ . خواندن (۳) ۴ واحد ۴
۹ . نگارش پیشرفته ۲ واحد ۵
۱۰ . بیان شفاهی داستان (۱) ۲ واحد ۴-۵-۶
۱۱ . درآمدی برادبیات (۱) ۲ واحد ۴-۵-۶
۱۲ . نمونه های شعر ساده ۲ واحد ۴
۱۳ . آواشناسی ۲ واحد ۱-۲-۳
۱۴ . اصول و روش ترجمه ۲ واحد ۴-۵
نیمسال چهارم
۱۵ . درآمدی بر ادبیات (۲) ۲ واحد ۱۱
۱۶ . خواندن متون مطبوعاتی ۲ واحد ۸
۱۷ . فرانسه (۱) ۳ واحد ۵-۶-۸
۱۸ . کلیات زباشناسی (۱) ۲ واحد ۴-۵
۱۹ . نمونه های نثر ساده ۲ واحد ۵-۶-۸
۲۰ . ترجمه متون ساده ۲ واحد ۱۴
۲۱ . بیان شفاهی داستان (۲) ۱۰
نیمسال پنجم
۲۲ . کلیات زبانشناسی (۲) ۲ واحد ۱۸
۲۳ . مقاله نویسی ۲ واحد ۹
۲۴ . متون برگزیده نثر ادبی ۲ واحد ۱۵
۲۵ . فرانسه (۲) ۳ واحد ۱۷
۲۶ . فنون و صنایع ادبی ۲ واحد ۵-۶-۸
۲۷ . کاربرد اصطلاحات در ترجمه ۲ واحد ۱۴
۲۸ . نامه نگاری انگلیسی ۲ واحد ۵-۶-۸
نیمسال ششم
۲۹ . فرانسه (۳) ۳ واحد ۲۵
۳۰ . اصول و روش نقد ادبی (۱) ۲ واحد ۲۶-۱۱
۳۱ . روش تدریس زبان انگلیسی ۴ واحد ۲۲
۳۲ . ترجمه متون ادبی (۱) ۲ واحد ۲۷-۲۰
۳۳ . سیری در تاریخ ادبیات (۱) ۴ واحد ۵-۶-۸
۳۴ . نمایشنامه (۱) ۲ واحد ۱۱
نیمسال هفتم
۳۵ . بررسی آثار ترجمه شده اسلامی (۱) ۲ واحد ۲۰-۲۷
۳۶ . اصول و روش نقد ادبی (۲) ۲ واحد ۳۰
۳۷ . آزمون سازی ۲ واحد ۳۱
۳۸ . نمایشنامه (۲) ۲ واحد ۳۴
۳۹ . ترجمه ادبی (۲) ۲ واحد ۳۲
۴۰ . اصول و روش تحقیق (۱) ۲ واحد ۲۲-۱۵
۴۱ . آشنایی با رمان (۱) ۲ واحد ۱۱
۴۲ . سیری در تاریخ ادبیات (۲) ۴ واحد ۳۳
نیمسال هشتم
۴۳ . مکتبهای ادبی ۲ واحد ۱۵-۴۲
۴۴ . بررسی آثار ترجمه شده اسلامی (۲) ۲ واحد ۳۵
۴۵ . داستان کوتاه انگلیسی ۲ واحد ۵-۶-۸
۴۶ . آشنایی با رمان (۲) ۲ واحد ۴۱
۴۷ . اصول و روش تحقیق (۲) ۲ واحد ۴۰
۴۸ . شعر انگلیسی ۲ واحد ۱۲-۱۵
دروس عمومی ( به اختیار گروه یا دانشجو هر ترم انتخاب می شود )
قراءت قرآن کریم ۱ واحد
وصایای امام (ره) ۱ واحد
متون اسلامی ۲ واحد
تاریخ اسلام ۲ واحد
اخلاق اسلامی ۲ واحد
انقلاب اسلامی و ریشه ها ۲ واحد
تنظیم خانواده و جمعیت ۲ واحد
تربیت بدنی ۱ (عملی) ۱ واحد
تربیت بدنی ۲ ( عملی) ۱ واحد
تربیت بدنی ۱معارف اسلامی (۱) ۲ واحد
معارف اسلامی (۲) ۲ واحد
معارف اسلامی ۱فارسی عمومی ۳ واحد
فارسی پیش=============================================
کاردانی آموزش زبان انگلیسی
دروس پیشنیاز با رنگ قرمز مشخص شده که رعایت آن الزامی است .عدم رعایت آنها به مسوولیت خود دانشجو خواهد بود
.نیمسال اول
۱ . خواندن (۱) ۴ واحد -
۲ . دستور نگارش (۱) ۴ واحد -
۳ . گفت و شنود (۱) ۳ واحد -
۴ . روانشناسی عمومی ۲ واحد -
۵ . معارف اسلامی (۱) ۲ واحد -
۶ . زبان پیش و فارسی پیش ( در صورت عدم کسب حد نصاب در کنکور ) هر یک ۲ و احد -
نیمسال دوم
۷ . خواندن (۲) ۴ واحد ۱
۸ . دستور و نگارش (۲) ۴ واحد ۲
۹ . گفت و شنود (۲) ۳ واحد ۳
۱۰ . زبان عمومی ۳ واحد ۶
نیمسال سوم
۱۱ . خواندن (۳) ۲ واحد ۷
۱۲ . مهارتهای مطالعه ۲ واحد ۷
۱۳ . مکالمه موضوعی ۲ و احد ۹
۱۴ . کلیات روشها و فنون تدریس (۱) ۲ واحد -
نیمسال چهارم
۱۵ . اندازه گیری و سنجش ۲ واحد ۱۴
۱۶ . آواشناسی ۲ واحد ۷
۱۷ . نمونه های شعر ساده ۲ واحد ۱۱
۱۸. کلیات روشها ...(۲) ۲ واحد ۱۴
۱۹ . طراحی و تولید کاربرد مواد آموزشی ۲ واحد ۱۴
۲۰. فارسی عمومی ۳ واحد فارسی پیش
۲۱ . بهداشت و تنظیم خانواده ۱ -
نیمسال پنجم
۲۲ . روش تدریس زبان انگلیسی (۱) ۲ واحد ۷-۱۲
۲۳ . نمونه های نثر ساده ۲ واحد ۱۱
۲۴ . زبانشناسی (۱) ۲ واحد ۷-۸
۲۵ . تمرین معلمی (۱ ) ۲ واحد ۱۸-۱۹
۲۶ . بررسی کتب زبان انگلیسی ۲ واحد ۱۱
۲۷ . روانشناسی تربیتی ۲ واحد ۵
۲۸ . اخلاق اسلامی ۲ واحد -
نیمسال ششم
۲۹ . روش تدریس زبان انگلیسی(۲) ۲ واحد ۲۲
۳۰ . تمرین معلمی (۲) ۲۵
۳۱ . ارزشیابی زبان انگلیسی ۲ واحد ۲۲-۲۴
۳۲ . تربیت بدنی( ۱ ) ۱ واحد -
۳۳ . قرائت قرآن ۱ واحد -
۳۴ . وصایای امام ۱ واحد -
===============================================
چکیده مقررات آموزشی دوره آموزش معلمان
:مجموع واحدهای نیم سال اول و دوم با احتساب نیمسال تابستان ( که اجباری است )۴۰ واحد با ید
باشد
.هر نیمسال ۱۶ هفته است و هر دوره تابستانی ۶ هفته
تعداد واحدهای هر ترم حداقل ۸ و حداکثر ۱۵ بجز تابستان که حداکثر ۱۲ است
معدل زیر ۱۲ مشروط است و فقط میتواند ۱۰ واحد اختیار نماید
حداقل نمره قبولی ۱۰ بجز دروس قرآن که ۱۲ است
نمرات قبولی یا ردی در کارنامه ثبت میگردد
درصورت ۲ بار ردی در درسی آن درس بدون تاثیر در معدل در کارنامه ثبت میگردد
برای محاسبه معدل میانگین نمرات تعداد واحدهای هر درس در نمرات آن درس ضرب و بر مجموع حاصل ضرب تعداد کل واحدها تقسیم میگردد
حذف اضطراری درس طبق برنامه دانشگاه بلامانع است اما واحدها نباید کمتر از ۸ شود
حداکثر مدت مجاز تحصیل در دوره آموزش معلمان ۴ سال است
گرفتن ترم تابستانی اجباری است
در صورت ارائه درس در تابستان در یک دانشگاه امکان میهمان شدن دانشجو وجود ندارد
حداکثر مرخصی تحصیلی فقط ۳ ترم
حذف و اضافه در ترم تابستان وجود ندارد
رعایت پیش نیاز درسها الزامی است و به عهده خود دانشجو است در غیر اینصورت آموزش گروه درسهای مازاد و غیر مجاز را حذف خواهد کرد
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:25 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Body Language Sites
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Diet Pills Don't Work Well Temporary weight changes are the usual result of diet pills. Online free-read information about changing the psychological SOURCES of your weight gain.
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Job's Body: A Handbook for Bodywork by Deane Juhan...provides scientific information in an easily understood fashion that explains many aspects of physiology and psychology as they apply to massage and bodywork.
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Free Read Online - Self Help Psychology Book Be Your Own Therapist by Thayer White MA MFT. Valuable down-to-earth resource for following your path of growth into emotions, relationships, spirituality and behavior change.
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QQQ Popular Body Language Sites -
Decoding body language Learn how to read body language and discover a useful communciation skill.
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Conversational Terrorism A list of ways that people can commit verbal violence during ordinary conversations.
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The Interpersonal Web Provides interlinked definitions, resources and theories covering cultural context, relational development, verbal and nonverbal messages, self-concept and listening and perception.
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Nonverbal Dictionary of Gestures, Signs and Body Language Cues Developed from the research of archaeologists, anthropologists, linguists, biologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, semioticians and others who have studied human communication from a scientific point of view.
QQQ More Body Language Sites(How to get your website listed here for FREE)
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:17 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Anxiety Sites
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Panic Attacks Site Offers free panic attacks course and audio CD program.
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Anxiety, Phobias & Fears Phobias and Fears can be helped quickly and comfortably with hypnosis sessions from Hypnosis Downloads.com
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Be Your Own Therapist by Thayer White MA MFT. Free read online. Valuable down-to-earth resource for facilitating your growth path into emotions, relationships, spirituality and behavior change.
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Diet Pills Don't Work Well Temporary weight changes are the usual result of diet pills. Online free-read information about changing the psychological SOURCES of your weight gain.
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Emotional Intelligence Test Tis far more important to be smart emotionally rather than intellectually. For emotional "smartness" determines our HAPPINESS.
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TTT Popular Anxiety Sites
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National Anxiety Foundation Directory of health care professionals specializing in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Descriptions of symptoms and treatments for various anxiety disorders, including OCD, Panic Disorder, Social Phobia and PTSD.
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UCLA Child and Adolescent Anxiety Program A source of info regarding the more common types of anxiety disorders, such as separation anxiety, social phobias, panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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Anxiety Disorders Info, resources, and referrals for those suffering from anxiety disorders.
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Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adults Articles on the diagnosis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety and agoraphobia.
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The Anxiety Panic Internet Resource (tAPir) Learn about disorders such as agoraphobia, panic disorders, social phobia and children and anxiety.
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Anxiety Disorders Association of America Info on anxiety, as well as a special section on teen anxiety.
TTT More Anxiety Sites(How to get your website listed here for FREE)
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Master the Art of Letting Go - Holding on wastes our energies and consumes our limited time.
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:17 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Anger & Anger Management Sites
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Anger Discussion Forum Discuss anger management with professionals at UncommonForum.com
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Anger Management Download Manage your anger with this session from Hypnosis Downloads.com
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E-IQ Test Emotional intelligence determines HOW HAPPY YOU CAN BE! It's far more important then conventional IQ.
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Free Read Online - Self Help Psychology Book Be Your Own Therapist by Thayer White MA MFT. Valuable down-to-earth resource for following your path of growth into emotions, relationships, spirituality and behavior change.
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ttt Popular Anger & Anger Management Sites
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Managing Anger = Stress? Solutions for controlling the stress that can cause rage and tools for managing and understanding anger.
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American Psychological Association HelpCenter Warning Signs on-line brochure providing info on detecting a tendency of violence and on controlling the anger driving it.
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Psychological Self-Help from MentalHealth.Net This chapter of the book provides info on the signs of anger, theories about how and why aggression develops, and help with preventing or coping with anger.
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Why Is Everyone So Cranky? Book by Leslie Charles. Outlines ten social trends that have created the anger epidemic of our culture and how to combat it.
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WOW Zone Website offers a model for positive social change and evolution.
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Growth Central Help for families, relationships, anger control and anger management, assertiveness, anxiety, panic, binge and compulsive eating. Free info and mental health resources.
ttt More Anger & Anger Management Sites(How to get your website listed here for FREE)
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:15 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Reiki Healing Sites
REIKI - Means "Universal Life-Force Energy," and was created by Dr. Mikao Usui of Japan, about 150 years ago. His travels took him to Tibet, where he found ancient texts of healing, with symbols of an extremely spiritual method of healing. It is told that while descending a mountain in Tibet, he twisted his ankle, and prompted by what he had learned, applied this ancient method and healed his ankle. Upon returning to Japan, he formulated this modality into a method that he called “Reiki.” The “Rei” means universal, and “ki” means energy. It is understood that all of creation is energy, and when in particular the body is manifesting symptoms of disease, dis-ease, or is injured in any way, the universal energy flow is impeded, and the body is not able to maintain its natural state of optimum good health. The Reiki practitioner places the hands directly on the recipient, or a few inches above the recipient’s body, without physical contact. In fact Reiki can be sent over great distances by thought and intent. Reiki is a marvelous method to maintain the balance of the emotions, and the body. Anyone can learn this technique, by finding a Reiki Master Teacher, and receiving the attunements, while learning the modality. It is also effective to apply this healing modality to oneself....from the Glossary at HealersOfTheWorld.com
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:14 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 17:13 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Prepositions
| King lives in his house. I am fond of coffee. There is a man at the door. The words in, of and at are Prepositions. The word preposition means, something which is placed before. Prepositions are generally placed before nouns or pronouns. Prepositions do the following:-
Click on the following links to download the exercises : ( requires Adobe Acrobat reader ) 
Click on the links below to learn more about Prepositions:- Between/Among Simple Preposition Compound Preposition Phrase Preposition Preposition: Adverb |
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Prepositions
| King lives in his house. I am fond of coffee. There is a man at the door. The words in, of and at are Prepositions. The word preposition means, something which is placed before. Prepositions are generally placed before nouns or pronouns. Prepositions do the following:-
Click on the following links to download the exercises : ( requires Adobe Acrobat reader )
Click on the links below to learn more about Prepositions:- Between/Among Simple Preposition Compound Preposition Phrase Preposition Preposition: Adverb |
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A POEM 4 U
Of all the flowers rising now,
...Thou only saw'st the head
Of that unopen'd drop of snow
I placed beside thy bed.
In all the blooms that blow so fast,
...Thou hast no further part,
Save those the hour I saw thee last,
...I laid above thy heart.
Two snowdrops for our boy and girl,
...A primrose blown for me,
Wreathed with one often-play'd-with curl
...From each bright head for thee.
And so I graced thee for thy grave,
...And made these tokens fast
With that old silver heart I gave,
...My first gift--and my last.
.....Maritoe Suoe by William Philpot (1823-89)
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Ending Sentences with Prepositions
Put Your Best Word Forward
Writing Tips by Judy Vorfeld
You must never end a sentence with a preposition! How often did you hear this in school? I have good news: you can end a sentence any way you choose to. Ending sentences with prepositions is something I looked into. Thoroughly.
Let's define a preposition. It's a connective word that shows the relationship (in terms of time, space, cause, ownership, association, accompaniment, or manner) between a noun (or pronoun) and some other word in the sentence. Think "relationship," think "position," when you think "preposition."
Some of the most commonly used prepositions: about, above, across, after, against, along, amid, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, concerning, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, instead, of, off, on, onto, out, over, past, pending, regarding, respecting, round, since, through, to, toward, under, until, unto, up, upon, with, within, without.
There are rules floating around--causing conflict and consternation--that were never really, truly, official grammar rules. They were often the personal preferences of people who liked to speak out on the subject. People in power. Like your fifth grade teacher or your great-aunt Matilda.
These good people are often the same ones who say (or said) we can never begin a sentence with "and," "but," "or," "also," or "however." But they're mistaken. In both cases, it's okay if it makes for an easy-to-understand sentence. However, make sure to use such words in very informal communications.
Sometimes using a preposition at the end of a sentence (terminal preposition) is awkward, and sometimes it's better to use one at the end. For example:
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Awkward: It is not easy to know that about which you are thinking.
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Natural: It's not easy to know what you're thinking about.
If good communication is your goal, just make sure that the sentence is clear for the reader or listener.
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Phrase and word origins
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یادگیری واژگان انگلیسی
Commercial English
• Common Errors
• Confusing Words
• Customs and Traditions
• English Around the World
• Idioms/Informal English
• Opposites
• Quotes
• Sentences
• Speeches/Texts
• Synonyms
• Talks - Examples
• Talks - How to prepare
• Techniques
• Various
• Vocabulary Lists
• Index Vocabulary
Vocabulary Exercises
• Common Errors
• Confusing Words
• Customs and Traditions
• English Around the World
• Idioms/Informal English
• Opposites
• Quotes
• Sentences
• Speeches/Texts
• Synonyms
• Talks - Examples
• Talks - How to prepare
• Techniques
• Various
• Vocabulary Lists
• Index Vocabulary
Vocabulary Exercises
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:56 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Business English - Commercial English
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کلمات جدید در زبان انگلیسی
The following neologisms and novel uses of words in English were collected by members of the class Linguistics/English 215, Words in English: Structure, History and Use, taught by Suzanne Kemmer at Rice University 1996-99. Over the course of the semester, students collected instances of words and word uses that appear to be new in the language. They defined the words, described their origin where possible, illustrated their use, and analyzed the words in terms of their structure and the types of word formation processes they exemplify.
The list below includes many different structural word formation types, including novel derivations, clippings, back formations, and compounding processes of various sorts. The words also exemplify a wide range of semantic/pragmatic phenomena such as metaphor, metonymy, euphemism, and eponymy.
The words on this page give a good picture of the creative aspects of word formation and use in present day English. Speakers do not confine themselves to existing, conventional units when using language; to express their exact meaning in a given context, they take advantage of the wide range of creative resources provided by their language. Many of these creations become more frequent and conventionalized over time. Looking at new words allows us to get a glimpse of lexical change in progress.
F - N
O - Z
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روند واژه سازی در زبان انگلیسی
English Word Formation Processes
While many words in English have been inherited from older stages of the language, many more words have come into it by other means. Indeed, we are always adopting new words into English, and below are described some of the methods and general word formation processes by which this is done.
Acronyms: These words are formed by taking the initial sounds or letters of the words of a phrase and uniting them into a combination that is itself pronounceable as a separate word. Thus NATO is an acronym for North Atlantic Treaty Organization, laser for light amplification through the stimulated emission of radiation, and radar for radio detection and ranging.
Backformation: Backformation makes use of a process called analogy to derive new words, but in a rather backwards manner, that is from an older word that is mistakenly assumed to be a derivative of it. For example, we have words such as revision and revise and supervision and supervise. Revision is formed by regular derivation from revision + ion. When television was invented, the verb televise was back formed on the basis of analogy with revision and revise, that is:
revision : revise :: television : X
To cite another example, the verb donate was formed on the basis of pairs such as creation—create. We borrowed donation from French and back formed donate.
creation : create :: donation : X
Another example, in the original the final consonant [-z] of pease is not, as it seems to the ear to be, the English plural suffix –s. It is, in fact, not a suffix at all. But by the 17th century, pease was mistaken for a plural, and a new singular, pea, was derived from a word that was itself a singular, precisely as if we were to derive a form *chee from cheese under the impression that cheese was plural; then we should have one chee, two cheese just as we have one pea, two peas.
One very regular source of back-formed verbs in English is based on the pattern: worker—work. The assumption seems to have been that if there is a noun ending in –er (or something close in sound), then we can create a verb for what noun –er does. Hence, an editor must edit, a sculptor must sculpt, and burglars, peddlers, and swindlers must burgle, peddle, and swindle.
Blending: A blend is a combination of the parts of two words, usually the beginning of one word and the end of another: smog from smoke and fog, brunch from breakfast and lunch, and chortle from chuckle and snort. (Lewis Carroll invented this blend, and his poem “Jabberwocky” contains several other examples of interesting blends. Carroll called them “portmanteau words.”)
Borrowing: Foreign words are always being “borrowed” into other languages, especially to accompany new ideas, inventions, products, and so on. When speakers imitate a word from a foreign language and at least partly adapt it in sound or grammar to their native speech patters, the process is called “borrowing,” and the word thus borrowed is a “loanword.” A few examples: alcohol (Arabic), boss (Dutch), croissant (French), lilac (Persian), piano (Italian), pretzel (German), robot (Czech), tycoon (Japanese), yoghurt (Turkish), zebra (Bantu).
A special type of borrowing is described as “loan-translation” or “calque.” In this process, there is a direct translation of the elements of a word into the borrowing language. For example: English hot dogs becomes Spanish perros calientes, English skyscraper becomes French le gratte-ciel.
Clipping: Frequently we shorten words without paying attention to the derivational morphology of the word (or related words). We see here again the element of reduction, already seen in blending. Exam has been clipped from examination, dorm from dormitory, and both taxi and cab from taxi cab (itself a clipping from taximeter cabriolet). Because clipping often ignores lexical and morphemic boundaries and cuts instead in the middle of a morpheme, we end up creating new morphemes and enriching the stock of potential building material for making other words.
Coinage: Words may also be created without using any of the methods described above and without employing any other word or word parts already in existence; that is, they may be created out of thin air. Such brand names as Xerox, Kodak, and Exxon were made up without reference to any other word, as were the common words pooch and snob. Also called “root creation.”
Compounding: Two or more existing words are put together to form a new word: blackboard, expressway, and air conditioner. “Amalgamated compounds” are those words in which the compounded elements are so closely welded together that their origins as compounds is obscured. For example, daisy from Old English dQgesēage, “day’s eye,” lord from OE hlaf (‘loaf’) plus weard (‘guardian’), and sheriff from OE scīr (‘shire’) plus rēfa (‘reeve’).
Derivation: As you know, English has a number of derivational morphemes that we use to derive words. There are other prefixes (added to the beginning of a stem) or suffixes (added to the end of a stem). Some of these derivational morphemes change the grammatical function of a word and some do not; they change the meaning of a word. Some common prefixes: re-, dis-, un-, anti-, ante-, in-, pre-, post-, sub-. Some common suffixes are: -ly, -ness, -y, -er, -ity, -ation, -ful, -able, -al.
Conversion or Functional Shift: A new word may be created simply by shifting the part of speech to another one without changing the form of the word—without adding any affixes. Laugh, run, buy, steal are used as nouns as well as verbs, while position, process, contrast are nouns from which verbs have been formed.
Morphological Misanalysis or False/Folk Etymology: Sometimes people hear a word and misanalyze it either because they “hear” a familiar word or morpheme in the word, or for other, unknown, reasons. These misanalyses can introduce words or morphemes. For example, the suffix –burger. (Hamburger is a clipping from Hamburger Steak.) -burger has since been added to other types of foods: cheeseburger, pizzaburger, salmonburger, veggieburger, steakburger. Another example concerns the creation of (a)holic from a peculiar analysis of alcoholic. This suffix can be found in words such as workaholic and chocaholic. Sometimes a phrase is misheard or misanalyzed, resulting in examples such as: pinching needles from pins and needles, take it for granite from take it for granted, chester drawers from chest of drawers.
Proper Names: Many places, inventions, activities, etc., are named for persons somehow connected with them; for instance, lynch by way of Lynch’s Law, from the Virginian captain William Lynch [1742-1820], who led a campaign of “corporeal punishment” against those “unlawful and abandoned wretches” who were harassing the good people of Pittsylvania County. Boycott comes from Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott [1832-1897] who, because as a land agent he refused to accept rents at figures fixed by the tenants, was the best-known target of the policy of ostracization of the Irish Land League agitators. Other unchanged names of actual people: ampere, bloomer, bowie (knife) cardigan, chesterfield (overcoat or sofa), davenport, derby, derrick, derringer, graham (flour), guy, valentine, watt, zeppelin.
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ایرانیان مشهور
The long history of Iran has witnessed many conquerors, wise rulers and statesmen, artists, poets, historians, and philosophers. In religion, there have been diverse figures. Zoroaster (Zarathushtra), who probably lived in the 6th century BC, founded the religion known as Zoroastrianism or Mazdaism, with Ahura-Mazda as the god of good. In the 3d century AD, Mani attempted a fusion of the tenets of Mazdaism, Judaism, and Christianity. The Bab (Sayyid 'Ali Muhammad of Shiraz, 1819–50) was the precursor of Baha'ism, founded by Baha' Allah (Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri, 1817–92).
Persian rulers of the pre-Christian era include Cyrus ("the Great"; Kurush, r.550–529 BC), Cambyses II (Kambuiya, r.529– 522 BC), Darius I ("the Great"; Darayavaush, r.521–486 BC), Xerxes I ("the Great"; Khshayarsha, r.486–465 BC), and Artaxerxes I (Artakhshathra, r.464–424 BC). Shah 'Abbas (r.1587–1628) expanded Persian territory and conquered Baghdad. Prominent political figures of modern times are Reza Shah Pahlavi (1877–1944), who reigned from 1925 to his abdication in 1941; and his son, Muhammad Reza Pahlavi (1919–80), who was shah from 1941 until his abdication in 1979. Until his death in 1989, Iran was under the leadership of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1900–89).
The great epic poet Firdawsi (Abdul Qasim Hassan ibn-i-Ishaq ibn-i Sharafshah, 940–1020), writing about AD 1000, produced the Shahnama (Book of Kings), dealing with four ancient dynasties and full of romantic and heroic tales that retain their popularity today. Omar Khayyam (d.1123?), astronomer and poet, is known in the Western world for his Rubáiyât, a collection of quatrains freely translated by Edward Fitzgerald. Important figures of the Seljuk period (11th and 12th centuries) include Muhammad bin Muhammad al-Ghazali (1058–1111), philosopher and mystic theologian, who exerted an enormous influence upon all later speculative thought in Islam; Farid ad-Din 'Attar (Muhammad bin Ibrahim, 1119–1229?), one of the greatest of mystic poets; and Nizami (Nizam ad-Din Abu Muhammad, 1141–1202), noted for four romantic epic poems that were copied and recopied by hand and illuminated with splendid miniatures. In the 13th century, Jalal ad-Din Rumi (1207–73) compiled his celebrated long mystic poem, the Mathnavi, in rhyming couplets; and Sa'di (Muslih ud-Din, 1184?–1291), possibly the most renowned Iranian poet within or outside of Iran, composed his Gulistan (Rose Garden) and Bustan (Orchard). About a hundred years later, in 1389, another poet of Shiraz died, Hafiz (Shams ud-Din Muhammad); his collected works comprise nearly 700 poems, all of them ghazals or lyrical odes.
Poets of the modern period include Iraj Mirza (1880–1926), Mirzadeh Eshqi (d.1924), Parveen Ettasami (d.1941), and the poet laureate Behar (Malik ash-Shuara Bahar, d.1951). Preeminent among prose writers was Sadeq Hedayat (1903–51), author of the novel Buf i kur (The Blind Owl) and numerous other works, including films.
Miniature painting came to full flower in the second half of the 15th century. The greatest figure in this field was Bihzad, whose limited surviving work is highly prized. The School of Herat was composed of his followers.
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آموزش فوتبال _ به زبان انگلیسی
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Barclays Premiership Table
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Explore muscles in the Virtual Body نگاهی علمی به نرمش قسمتهای مختلف بدن (انیمیشن)
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Are you running properly مقاله ای جالب برای دوندگان
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Your personal learning style
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Learning a language undoubtedly requires dedication to the cause. You can only learn a language by applying yourself, by putting in the time and effort. During the day today, and when reading these notes, you should bear this in mind. - Two ways to describe learning style Different people learn things in different ways. I think it is important to have some self awareness of your learning style, of what suits your intellect and personality. Here is a brief guide to two ways to look at learning styles. Which parts seem to relate to the way you study and learn? - The four modalities People with a VISUAL learning style use lists to organize their thoughts and recall information by remembering how it was set out on a page People with an AUDITORY learning style like dialogues, discussions and plays and use rhythm and sound as memory aids People with a KINAESTHETIC learning style learn best when they are involved or active andd use movement as a memory aid People with a TACTILE learning style learn well in hands-on activities like projects and demonstrations - Left brain dominated and right brain dominated The brain is divided into two halves which appear to have different mental functions. A left brain dominated learner has a more logical thinking style. They like sequences, logic, lists, numbers and names. They have good reasoning skills. A right brain dominated learner likes image, colour, emotion and patterns. They have good visuo-spatial skills. If you have a left brain preference you could try... writing out information by hand If you have a right brain preference you could try... using shape and colour to highlight information - How to use learning style awareness Once you have explored your learning style and decided what suits you best, you can then approach your learning in a way that will suit your learning style. However, ideally you should try using your whole brain in your learning. If you can you should use a variety of techniques when trying to remember something. If you feel you are right brain dominated, and you draw pictures to help learn things, you should perhaps number those pictures, and so bring your left brain into action. Using both sides of your brain can only help in learning and remembering. So, the best thing to learn from knowing about learning styles is that there are so many different ways to help you learn. It is time to experiment and explore new and imaginative ways to learn... | |
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LEARNING TIPS: LIVE CHAT TRANSCRIPT
| Expert: Gareth Rees, English Teacher/Teacher Trainer, ELT materials writer
Here's the first question. It's from Punmou in Canada who asks: How can I memorise vocabulary? Gareth Rees: I think first of all you should be realistic! Don't try to learn more than 15 words a day. Secondly, be selective! Choose words you consider useful and interesting to you. Making a choice helps you remember the words. Finally, be active. Do things with the words. For example perhaps, write little stories or example sentences. Study a word in depth with a good dictionary. And most importantly, organise the words you learn and make connections between them. April: How can I improve my English by reading English novels? Gareth Rees: Well, make sure you enjoy the novel! Don't keep stopping to check words in your dictionary. It is important to try and guess the meanings of words. I recommend that you read the book chapter by chapter. That is at the end of each chapter choose some words that you wish to check. Another good idea is to find exemplary sentences or phrases. Find examples of interesting use of language that you will want to remember. Luke Ye from China asks: I think it is very difficult to improve from intermediate level to advanced, what is the solution? Gareth Rees: Hello Luke Ye. One solution is to read and listen widely. You need to experience as much English as possible. Secondly, you should concentrate on improving your vocabulary and your knowledge of English sentence structure. Fluency is often associated with an advanced level so it is important to find a speaking partner or, if you can, to visit English speaking countries as often as possible. Don't give up! It takes time to become an advanced level speaker or user. But it can be achieved! Teresa from Italy asks: I have problems catching everything when some people speak English, even I when know the English words they use, how can I improve this? Gareth Rees: Hello Teresa. I welcome you study more about English pronunciation. When we speak we often change the sounds of small words - and make connections between other words. This can be very confusing if you don't understand what is happening. And even if you know a word, you may not be able to identify it when it is in a quickly spoken sentence. Mehraneh from Iran: My problem is that I know a lot of English words but when I want to use it in conversation or writing I could not use those. Gareth Rees: When you are doing some written work, make sure that you plan and prepare carefully. This will give you the opportunity to consider your vocabulary and use as many of those words that you know as possible. If you are doing a speaking activity in a class, you can do a similar thing. Preparation, is probably the best way to overcome this problem. Carlos A.: One of my biggest problems with understanding is letter D in words like 'would', 'had', etc. Gareth Rees: This is difficult, you need to consider the whole sentence and the general context for the language. That way, you can decide which grammar is being used. Also, if 'had' or 'would' have been shortened, perhaps they are not so important for the overall understanding. Carlos A.: Ok, that's what I try but because of my lack of practice I am slow to understand when people are talking. Willis: How can I improve my pronunciation? Gareth Rees: Hello Willis - thanks for your question. You can improve your pronunciation by listening. You should find short examples of real spoken English, for example a news headline. Listen carefully and try to repeat the short phrases. Willis: What about changing my African accent to a standard British accent? Gareth Rees: Willis - if you are thinking about changing your accent - this is probably best achieved by listening to and repeating as much authentic English as possible. These days, it is hard to identify a standard British accent, so do not worry if you feel you cannot perfect the accent. Willis: I want to be internatonally understood... Gareth Rees: Willis - that is a good aspiration. Try listening to the BBC World Service. And try to find opportunities to speak English in an international context. Practice is everything! Willis: At the moment, I'm listening to London FM 94.9... Gareth Rees: Willis - that sounds excellent! Willis: I do this every day but no change to my accent. Gareth Rees: Try repeating phrases which catch your ear. Mimicry - can be a fun way to improve your accent! Chieu N.: I am from Vietnam, so my English is not good ! How to improve it? Gareth Rees: Chieu - try to practice your English in a variety of ways. This will help your enjoyment and therefore your learning. There are so many to choose from. To learn a language you do need to practise all four skills: Reading, Listening, Writing and Speaking. Personally, I think you can learn a lot from reading very widely - magazines, books, newspapers, cereal packets, adverts... Whatever takes your fancy. Carlos A.: I think the best way to learn English is doing it without any fear for making faults!! Gareth Rees: Carlos - you've made a very good point there. Don't be afraid of making mistakes! Carlos A.: Is there a big difference between faults and mistakes? Gareth Rees: Carlos - not really - there aren't differences. We generally talk about language mistakes, and personality faults. Or faults with a machine. Chieu N.: How to improve listening? Gareth Rees: Chieu - find good sources of listening if you can - something which has a transcript - a written copy of the words spoken. On our website you can often find places where we do this - and you can listen to them as often as you like while reading the words. Secondly, listen in a variety of ways and be active. This means that sometimes you may have the radio on in the background only. At other times you will listen closely. If you can, find a source of listening that you can listen to repeatedly. The first time you listen to something, try to get a general understanding on repeated listenings try to understand more detail and perhaps even write your own transcript. Chieu - what are you listening to? Chieu N.: I listen to Radio and music. Gareth Rees: Is it possible for you to listen to recorded examples of English so that you can play them over and over again? Claudio: Pronunciation is my problem, too. Willis: When pronouncing the word "singer" is the "g" pronounced? Gareth Rees: The 'n' and the 'g' combine together to make a single sound. This is in the standard British accent. Claudio: So "n" and "g" together is always pronounced "n". Correct? Gareth Rees: No Claudio - the 'n' and the 'g' together make a completely different sound. See if you can find examples on our website http://www.bbcworldservice.com/learningenglish to practise. Willis: Educational/educative, which is commonly used? Do we say, the programme was educative or educational? Gareth Rees: Willis - it should be 'educative' - but in spoken English we usually say 'educational' and this is an example of current language change - well spotted! Val Garner from France asks: What is the most important thing to practice, speaking or listening? Gareth Rees: Hello Val. I think speaking is the most important thing to practise as it involves listening. Also it is a productive skill and so will improve your grammar and vocabulary knowledge. However, both skills are very important. Especially when we remember that when we learn our native tongue we spend a long time listening before speaking. Nosrati, Iran: How can I find out my level in English? Gareth Rees: There are many English Language examinations available around the world, for example the Cambridge Examinations and the Trinity College examinations. I recommend these because they test speaking and listening as well as test your grammar. There are also many commercially available diagnostic tests - which often test listening and grammar knowledge. Besides this, many course books now provide small tests which will show you your level. Aurore from France asks: Is it better to learn alone or with friends? Gareth Rees: Well both approaches would have their advantages. Studying on your own will allow you to concentrate on your own language needs and to practise at your own speed. However, learning with friends will give you an opportunity to practise your speaking and to test each other. Obviously I would suggest you do both! Hugo Vargas: Hello. What is the best way to remember vocabulary? Gareth Rees: Well Hugo, the best way to remember vocabulary is to make sure that you continually revise the words you have been learning. You should check new words again in a couple of days and then in a week or two. Also, make sure that you organise your vocabulary records in a flexible way. Don't just write endless lists. For more information about this, refer to my study pages. Finally, try to use the words that you are learning. Write example sentences, play games, perhaps make little vocabulary flash cards. All the best! Dominique from France asks: How would you use drama with 13 to 16 years old? Gareth_Rees: This question is really for teachers. I recommend you visit the Teaching English website run by the BBC and the British Council where you will find articles and activities concerning this subject: Mai Thai: Do you have any problems while speaking if you pay much attention on grammar, vocabulary? For instance, fluency? Gareth Rees: Hello Mai Tai - yes. Concentrating on grammar and vocabulary can lead to slower speech. It maybe more accurate however it might not be such effective communication. Personally, I think students should at times be careful about their grammar and vocabulary ie their accuracy, but at other times should concentrate on communicating their ideas without worrying about accuracy. Bader from Kuwait asks: How can I stop translating from my language in English when I write? Gareth Rees: Hello Bader - there are two things you can do. Firstly, be sure to prepare and plan your writing in advance. This will allow you to develop your ideas and to find the English expressions that you require. Secondly, I suggest that you work with an English-English dictionary and use this to help you check your vocabulary. Roberto from Mexico asks: Can you give me some tips to improve my communication skills? Gareth Rees: Hello Roberto - to improve your communication skills you should try not to worry about mistakes in your language and to concentrate on communicating your message. Also, you should develop strategies that help you when you do not know the exact word that you require. So you should practise explaining ideas, and meanings of words. Finally, the best way to improve these skills is to practise them in meaningful situations. So, you can have a conversation with an English speaker - perhaps over the internet... because writing is communicating. Kamal Abed: How can I get IELTS? Gareth Rees: By identifying your learning style, you will be able to choose activities that suit your style and therefore help your memory. There really is lots of good advice on those study pages. Kamal - if you have a look at the message board we've put some advice on there about the IELTS exam. Thanks everyone! It's been a pleasure talking to you and I hope my advice has been useful. I wish you all the best in your studies! And hope that you continue to take part in our masterclasses. | |
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| << BACK TO 'LEARNING TIPS' | |
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Using new technology - DVDs and the internet
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Both of these are suited to language learning and to a variety of learning styles. - The internet You can read, listen and write. And I am sure that before long, speak. Writing practice is excellent for your learning. You can develop both your language accuracy and your fluency. Message boards might be a good place to communicate and focus on your accuracy. Live chat rooms are a good place to focus on fluency, as people don't want to wait too long to hear your response. For listening, the internet may be better than the radio as you can listen again and again. BBC radio is an incredible resource. The ability to listen repeatedly, and to pause, allows you to put into practice the advice I give in the reading and listening skills section. Using a search engine like Google, you can search for sentences and phrases. It can be quite fun writing a sentence using the new vocabulary you have been learning and searching the internet for it. Has anyone else written the same sentence as you?! - DVDs DVDs are a gift to language learners. This is because you can watch a film in sections, Why not watch a section without sub-titles? The best thing about all this new technology is that it allows you to choose how and what to study, learn and remember. By making choices you are already helping your brain remember the language, you are improving your motivation and you can then follow good learning practice. - Enjoy your studies and remember the following Variety is the spice of life and We remember and 90% of what we read, hear, say and do! (Flanagan 1997) | |
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:19 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Improving listening and reading skills
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Obviously, the most important thing is to practise these skills. However, you should think carefully about how you approach a listening or reading text. Consider following the following stages. - Pre-listening or reading If you know the general topic of the text, do some work on this topic before you listen or read. What do you know about this topic in your own language? - First listening or reading You should follow the text through to the end without stopping (unless it is a novel!!). Afterwards, make some notes on what you have remembered or understood. - Second listening or reading Read the whole piece again, making notes as you go, to try and get a full understanding of the text. Underline, or note down, new vocabulary - Dictionary work Look at the vocabulary you have selected, which words do you think are important? Check some of them in an English-English dictionary if you have one. Choose some of these words to learn. Don't choose all of them, you may overload your memory! - Third listening or reading During this stage you may pause and repeat sections to notice the meaning or the use of language - Fine focus In a listening, listen repeatedly to one or two sentences or phrases. Can you identify all the words? Can you listen and repeat? In a reading, choose a sentence or two which shows interesting grammar or sentence style Overall, you should move from a general understanding to a more detailed focus on meaning and structure. Learn to take notes to help organise your understanding and to be an active listener or reader... | |
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:17 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Remembering and learning vocabulary
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Remembering new vocabulary involves storing it in your long term memory. This is best achieved by doing things with the words, organising the words and by making links to other words or memory prompts such as colours. This is where you draw on your knowledge of your learning style. Don't just repeat words endlessly. - Here are some activity ideas. Make connections between new words - which have similar sounds? Do any belong to a themed word family e.g. jobs, the outdoors Write personalised sentences using the new words, something that is relevant to your life Write short stories or paragraphs connecting the words and expressions that you want to learn Look out for the words and expressions you are trying to learn when you are reading or listening to English Make vocabulary cards, each holding a word or phrase, with a definition and something to help you remember the word - a picture, a colour, a movement? Or, keep the words you want to learn in a small notebook with an example sentence. You can then take it with you wherever you go and when you have a few minutes (whilst waiting for a bus), test yourself. Draw simple pictures to represent the words Mime the word, as in the game of charades. - Fight memory decay Make sure that you keep revisiting vocabulary you have spent time learning. If you don't use it, you'll lose it! I always advise my students to look at their class notes again that evening and do some work to fix them into long term memory. Then to look again at the notes a week later, and use the vocabulary in some way, and to look again at the notes a month later. - How do you keep a record of vocabulary? Really, a simple word list is not very useful. Think of a new way to organise your vocabulary. I suggest a system which is really flexible, a loose leaf file is best, perhaps an A5 size one. - Why? This allows you to organise the vocabulary in different ways - by topic, by alphabetical order, by sound, by book unit, by week - and it gives you flexibility, you can change things as you wish. For example, on one page the words may be in a list, on another you can have the same words as a spider diagram. Or, a word may appear on its topic page, and also on a page of words that all use the same dependent preposition... | |
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:16 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Phrasal verbs
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Phrasal verbs are very common and are a really good way to make yourself sound more natural when speaking informal English. They can be difficult, but here you can find out how to use phrasal verbs to talk about each of our topics.
Check out the Funky Phrasals box to see the phrasal verbs to look out for in each topic. You can listen to conversations where the phrasal verbs are used, hear extra examples, and you can also get down to some funky music. If you like, you can read the conversation script on the web-page or, if you prefer, download the complete text of the conversation and the examples. And, at the end, you can test your knowledge by trying the quiz. To download pdf files you need the free Adobe Acrobat software. Get it here | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:11 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Learning English - Wordmaster
| Have you got what it takes to be the BBC Word Master? Play the game to test your vocabulary skills. There are thousands of words to practise.
Game play tips: 1) Beat the clock to maximise point score. 2) Use the clues if you’re stuck, but be careful – clues reduce your time. 3) Get the right pronunciation – click listen to hear the sentence. |
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:10 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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جراحی گرامری !
| GRAMMAR SURGERY | |
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 Martin Parrott, English Language expert
Martin Parrott worked for many years as a teacher and teacher trainer at International House, London, where he was also the Director of Teacher Training. In addition to Grammar for English Language Teachers (winner of the English-Speaking Union Duke of Edinburgh's English Language Award 2000), he is the author of Tasks for Language Teachers (Cambridge University Press 1993) and wrote and produced Teaching Matters, a series of 14 radio programmes for BBC English. Martin answers your questions about the English grammar: - Verb agreement and collective nouns Verb agreement and collective nouns Verbs have to agree with their subject: a plural subject requires a plural verb ('people are ...') and a singular subject requires a singular verb ('the woman is ...'). However, collective nouns like group, government or staff are generally followed by plural verbs ('the Government fail'), except in formal written English where some people still prefer to use a singular verb ('the Government fails'). In many European languages, verbs have special pronunciation and spelling when they express an element of doubt. This form of the verb is called subjunctive. There is nothing similar in English. For example, it makes more sense to think of the use of were in 'If I were you...' as idiomatic, part of a fixed expression. - Past tenses: "People don't always use the past perfect when they should. For example, I read, 'She left home before she was 16.' Shouldn't that be 'She had left home before she was 16.'?" People are often confused because English has so many past tenses and they don't know which to choose. In fact we choose past tenses in order to make the time and order in which things happened clear. If the context or some other words or expressions already make this clear, we often stick to the simple past tense. - Future tenses "I have heard people mixing tenses - for example, saying, 'I will be going to see him'. Isn't that just the same as, 'I'll be seeing him.'?" We choose between a wide range of future tenses and sometimes combine these tenses. Each possibility expresses a different attitude towards the event. 'I will be going to see him' has a different meaning from either 'I'll be seeing him.' or 'I'm going to see him.' It suggests that at a particular moment in the future I will be preparing to see him... | |
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:6 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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انگلیسی ارتباطی برای تجارت
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:5 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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LEARNING TIPS
مقاله ای جالب برای یادگیری انگلیسی
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/events/learningtips.shtml
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:4 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Learning English - Newsletter
If you would like to receive, once a week, details of the latest items on the BBC Learning English site then subscribe to this newsletter. You can also use this form to unsubscribe yourself from the newsletter.
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The BBC will not publish or provide your email address to anyone unless you request it. Our registration process requires you to supply us with your email details, but we will only use this information to validate your access to the Learning English newsletter. The BBC follows recommendations listed in the 1998 Data Protection Act.
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:1 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Learning English Message Board
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Communicate!5109 posts 
Share your experiences of learning English with people all over the world. |
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Ask your questions about the English language here and a teacher will try to answer them as soon as possible. |
The Flatmates41 posts 
Tell us what you think of our new online soap opera for English learners The Flatmates. | ||
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:59 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Learning English - Email Discussion Group
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:56 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Retro English
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What an excellent, or 'groovy', song! It's Gloria Gaynor with the disco anthem 'I Will Survive.' |
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Fashion! In the UK, 'disco' was certainly a word that you would have heard a lot of in the 70's, referring to a style of dancing and music. But it was only one example of the different trends that shaped the look of the decade. There were many other words that described clothing and music trends. |
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Listen to Tony summing up the 70's, in terms of style and fashion: | ||||||
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Unisex The fag-end of hippydom. Well, a 'fag' is slang for a cigarette. Another word that started to be used a great deal in the Western world of the 70's, was 'unisex'. |
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Social themes Umm - glam, glitter, glitz, shoddy-showiness and 'unisex'... That seems to sum up 70's styles and fashions. But what were the wider social or political themes, particularly in the UK, that they grew out of? |
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Listen to Tony's thoughts on the UK politics and social issues of the time: | ||||||
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See how much of a 70's language expert you are - check out today's Retro English exercise! |
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:55 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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جین آستین
| Learning English | |
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Jane Austen is one of Britain's most famous authors. Novels such as 'Pride and Prejudice' and 'Sense and Sensibility' are still popular today.The text below is from an interview with Tom Carpenter, administrator of Jane Austen's house. He talks about Jane Austen and her connection to Winchester. Listen to each section then try and choose the correct word for each numbered space. You can find out if you are right or wrong at the bottom of the page.
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:54 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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سوالات انگلیسی خود را مطرح کنید
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Introduction
 New this week: 'In' or 'at'? All of our answers are available online and you can send us new questions. But remember, we can't guarantee to answer every question we receive. See the archive Email us at learningenglish@bbc.co.ukYou can now save the script and audio of our latest answers to your computer for reading and listening anywhere. See below for details. Saving the audio Our audio for downloading is saved in MP3 format. Right click on the 'download the audio' links and choose the 'Save target as' option. Saving the scripts Our scripts are in PDF format. You need the free Adobe Acrobat software to read the scripts. Help with Adobe Acrobat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:48 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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keep your english up-to date
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 Introduction The English language is permanently evolving and developing. New words and expressions are coined and existing words change their meaning as society, culture and technology progress. Professor David Crystal is one of the world's foremost experts on language. He has recorded 26 short talks on some of these words and expressions that have recently made it into the language, if not necessarily into dictionaries. Each unit contains the text of the talk by Professor Crystal. You can also listen to the talk and download the transcript, audio and a lesson plan for teachers. The lesson plan contains teacher's notes, worksheets for students as well as a key to the answers. Latest talk - No:22 - Saddo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:47 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Learning English
| Learn the language of the street - what people say and the topics they like to talk about. Take a look at some of our exciting topics. Then you could try out of the many Lingo Challenges! |
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There are currently 10 topics in Lingo and more to arrive in the near future. Do you have a Lingo topic idea that you'd like see on here? Send it to us and if the demand is great enough for your topic then you may see that topic on the site in the near future. Try using as many of these phrases as you can in a one-minute conversation! How many will you manage to use? Have fun! |
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:45 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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لینکهای بی بی سی
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:40 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Learning English - Teachers
Resources for teachers
Dedicated web site
www.teachingenglish.org.uk
The BBC and British Council have developed a site for teachers of English.
The site is updated regularly and contains
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articles and advice on teaching
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teaching tips you can use in your class
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lesson plans
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practical activities you can download for your class
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the opportunity for you to send in your teaching related questions and any answers and suggestions you would like to share.
Lesson Plans
Words in the News
A weekly lesson plan based on our Wednesday Words in the News story. Each lesson plan comes with notes and instructions for teachers, worksheets for students and a full answer key.
Wednesday 2 November 2005
Story link: Rabid Vampire Bats attack humans in Brazil
Lesson plan (145k pdf)
Wednesday 12 October 2005
Story link: Blatter blasts football's new money men Lesson plan (143k pdf)
Wednesday 5 October 2005
Story link: New Orleans job losses Lesson plan (122k pdf)
Wednesday 28 September 2005
Story link: Scientists find giant squid Lesson plan (145k pdf)
Wednesday 21 September 2005
Story link: Growth in air travel harms environment Lesson plan (145k pdf)
Wednesday 14 September 2005
Story link: England win the Ashes Lesson plan (133k pdf)
Wednesday 7 September 2005
Story link: India EU trade Lesson plan (135k pdf)
Wednesday 31 August 2005
Story link: Londoners party at street carnival Lesson plan (135k pdf)
Wednesday 24 August 2005
Story link: Maradona and the 'Hand of God' Lesson plan (118k pdf)
Wednesday 17 August 2005
Story link: Venezuela plane crash Lesson plan (140k pdf)
Wednesday 10 August 2005
Story link: Climber rescued from dangerous peak Lesson plan (141k pdf)
Wednesday 3 August 2005
Story link: Adidas buys rival Reebok Lesson plan (156k pdf)
Wednesday 27 July 2005
Story link: Hopes and fears for shuttle Discovery Lesson plan (156k pdf)
Wednesday 20 July 2005
Story link: First woman leads Baltimore orchestra Lesson plan (153k pdf)
Wednesday 13 July 2005
Story link: Japan textbook back in spotlight Lesson plan (160k pdf)
Wednesday 6 July 2005
Story link: Live 8 performers' profit question Lesson plan (146k pdf)
Wednesday 29 June 2005
Story link: Chile Peru agreement Lesson plan (132k pdf)
Wednesday 22 June 2005
Story link: Solar sail Lesson plan (151k pdf)
Wednesday 15 June 2005
Story link: Philippine sedition charges Lesson plan (198k pdf)
Wednesday 8 June 2005
Story link: Anne Bancroft dies Lesson plan (191k pdf)
Wednesday 1 June 2005
Story link: Dutch EU vote Lesson plan (132k pdf)
Wednesday 25 May 2005
Story link: EU to increase aid spending Lesson plan (178k pdf)
Wednesday 18 May 2005
Story link: WHO to discuss smallpox research Lesson plan (125k pdf)
Wednesday 11 May 2005
Story link: Cannes film festival Lesson plan (125k pdf)
Wednesday 4 May 2005
Story link: Togo's new president Lesson plan (125k pdf)
On the radio
Knowledge on the Net
A radio series for teachers of English on the internet and how to use it for yourself and your teaching.
If you're an English teacher, have access to the internet and would like to learn more about how the World Wide Web can be used for teaching, then this series can help. It examines a number of the issues related to the use of the internet and provides practical guidance and advice on how teachers can best utilise this modern tool.
For further details about the programmes and its contributors and to listen to the programme, follow the link:- Knowledge on the Net
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:39 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Learning English - Words in the News
Britain remembers war dead 14 November 2005
Riots continue across France 9 November 2005
Olympic torch controversy 7 November 2005
Rabid Vampire Bats attack humans in Brazil 2 November 2005
A test to be British 31 October 2005
Civil Rights icon Rosa Parks dies 26 October 2005
Brazilians say 'no' to gun control 24 October 2005
International stem cell bank open 19 October 2005
China's space plans 17 October 2005
Blatter blasts football's new money men 12 October 2005
Pakistan rescue work 10 October 2005
New Orleans job losses 5 October 2005
German reunification anniversary 3 October 2005
Scientists find giant squid 28 September 2005
Red card for Brazilian referee 26 September 2005
Growth in air travel harms environment 21 September 2005
Germany's election parties meet 19 September 2005
England win the Ashes 14 September 2005
Koizumi achieves clear election victory 12 September 2005
India EU trade 7 September 2005
Destruction of coral reefs 5 September 2005
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Londoners party at street carnival 31 August 2005
World slow to face bird flu threat 29 August 2005
Maradona and the 'Hand of God' 24 August 2005
Pope's message to youth festival 22 August 2005
Australian parliament bans the word 'mate' 19 August 2005
Venezuela plane crash 17 August 2005
Israel begins Gaza Strip pull-out 15 August 2005
Climber rescued from dangerous peak 10 August 2005
Russian submarine rescue 8 August 2005
New York subway search 5 August 2005
Death of John Garang 1 August 2005
Hopes and fears for shuttle Discovery 27 July 2005
Australia approves elephant import 25 July 2005
Spain forest fire 18 July 2005
Japan textbook back in spotlight 13 July 2005
Witch trial girl's 'mother' found 11 July 2005
London bomb attacks 8 July 2005
Live 8 performers' profit question 6 July 2005
Nasa probe strikes comet 4 July 2005
Chile Peru agreement 29 June 2005
World's fastest train 27 June 2005
Solar sail 22 June 2005
Wimbledon begins 20 June 2005
Philippine sedition charges 15 June 2005
Tiny robot cleaners 13 June 2005
Anne Bancroft dies 8 June 2005
Higher salaries for Iraqi professionals 6 June 2005
Dutch EU vote 1 June 2005
Scientists study violence 30 May 2005
EU aid increase 25 May 2005
BBC strike 23 May 2005
WHO to discuss smallpox research 18 May 2005
Hong Kong's holy bun-fight back 16 May 2005
Cannes film festival 11 May 2005
Moscow VE Day 9 May 2005
Labour wins UK election 6 May 2005
Togo's new president 4 May 2005
Royal Mail prize for coming to work 2 May 2005
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Paternity dispute in Egypt 27 April 2005
Japan train crash 25 April 2005
New pope elected 20 April 2005
More children miss out on education 18 April 2005
Labs told to destroy deadly virus 13 April 2005
UK visa delay for young Nigerians 11 April 2005
Police in India investigate deaths of Russian circus animals 6 April 2005
Pope John Paul II lies in state 4 April 2005
UN action in Sudan 30 March 2005
Giant pandas in danger 28 March 2005
Kyrgyzstan political crisis 23 March 2005
Bangladesh storms 21 March 2005
Malaysia to act against pirates 16 March 2005
Moscow Olympic bid 14 March 2005
Colombia drug extradition 9 March 2005
New Sony Corporation chairman 7 March 2005
New European anti-smoking campaign 1 March 2005
The Oscars 28 February 2005
Pope’s controversial new book 23 February 2005
Hunter S Thompson commits suicide 21 February 2005
Lebanon lays ex-PM Hariri to rest 16 February 2005
Tests vindicate tsunami baby pair 14 February 2005
New round-the-world record 9 February 2005
Rice visits Ramallah 7 February 2005
Fighting the opium boom in Afghanistan 2 February 2005
Millions of Iraqis vote in election 31 January 2005
Anti-mafia raids net 46 suspects 26 January 2005
Trace gun exports, campaigners urge 24 January 2005
Airbus unveils 'superjumbo' jet 19 January 2005
Steroid testing for baseball players 17 January 2005
Australia bush fires 12 January 2005
Smoking ban in Italy 10 January 2005
UN tsunami disaster summit 7 January 2005
Three minute silence for tsunami victims 5 January 2005
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Webmaster faces legal action 11 November 2005
US economy a year after President Bush's re-election 4 November 2005
Oxfam says richer governments not helping enough 28 October 2005
Tamiflu supply problems 21 October 2005
Japan's postal reforms 14 October 2005
Amazon levels at 30-year low 07 October 2005
Internet address argument 30 September 2005
Sony to cut jobs 23 September 2005
Two major American airlines face bankruptcy 16 September 2005
Ecuador to discuss oil contracts 9 September 2005
Ecuador to discuss oil contracts 9 September 2005
Calculating the cost of Hurricane Katrina 2 September 2005
Champions' League teams to share half a billion dollars 26 August 2005
Adidas buys rival Reebok 3 August 2005
World trade talks failing 29 July 2005
Debt relief doubts 15 July 2005
Russian economy debate 24 June 2005
Eurotunnel 17 June 2005
Google overtakes Time Warner 10 June 2005
EU Working Time Directive 3 June 2005
Google accused of breaching copyright rules 27 May 2005
No rain in Australia 20 May 2005
French restaurant tax cut 13 May 2005
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Diamond mining in Liberia 29 April 2005
Managing pension funds 22 April 2005
Nike openness 15 April 2005
Rover deal with China collapses 08 April 2005
Japan and Mexico free trade agreement 01 April 2005
EU seeks solutions to slow growth 25 March 2005
Tsunami Bank 18 March 2005
Richest people in the world 11 March 2005
US cotton subsidies 4 March 2005
Bush and Putin hold talks 25 February 2005
China's economic boom 18 February 2005
Russia to restrict foreign bids for natural resources 11 February 2005
Five million Germans out of work 4 February 2005
Hong Kong on red ant alert 28 January 2005
Businesses fail to plan for HIV 21 January 2005
Krafts cuts snack ads for children 14 January 2005
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۱ آذر ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:37 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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دایره المعارفهای اینترنتی
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۲۹ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:27 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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ABOUT LURS AND LURISTAN IN ENGLISH
Map showing Lorestan in Iran Lorestan or Luristan comprises a province and an historic territory of western Iran south of the Zagros Mountains. The center of the Lorestan Province is the city of Khorramabad. The famous Falak-ol-Aflak Castle is situated inside this city.
Geography and Climate
In the wider sense (as its name implies), "Luristan" refers to the land of the Lurs, namely that part of western Persia bounded by Iraq on the west and extending for about 400 miles on a northwest to southeast axis from Kermanshah to Fars, with a breadth of 100 to 140 miles. The terrain consists chiefly of mountains, with numerous ranges running northwest to southeast. The central range has many summits which almost reach the line of perpetual snow, rising to 13,000 feet and more, and it feds the headwaters of Iran's most important rivers, as the Zayendeh-rud, Jarahi, Karun, Dix, Abi, Kerkheh. Between the higher ranges lie many fertile plains and low hilly, well-watered districts.
People and Culture
Lur man in traditional clothing, 1921 Ethnologists classify the Lurs as aboriginal Persians. Their language, called Luri, is closely related to Persian, and there two distinct dialects of this language. Lur-e-Bozourg (Greater Lur), which is spoken by the Bakhtiaris, and Lur-e-Kuchik (Lesser Lur), spoken by the Lurs themselves. Prior to the 20th century the majority of Lurs were nomadic herders, with an urban minority residing in the city of Khorramabad. There were several attempts by the Pahlavi governments to encourage the nomadic segment of the Lur population to settle down. By the mid-1980's the vast majority of Lurs had been settled in towns and villages throughout the province, or had migrated to the major urban centres.
Northern Region
In the Northern part of Luristan, formerly known as Lurikuchik (Little Luristan), live the Feili Lurs, divided into the Pishkuh (cis-montane) Lurs in the east and Pushtkuh (ultra-montane) Lurs in the west adjoining Iraqi territory. Little Luristan maintained its independence under a succession of princes of the Khurshidi dynasty, and called atabegs, from 55 to the beginning of the 17th century when Shah Abbas I removed the last atabeg, Shah Verdi Khan, and entrusted the government of the province to Husain Khan, the chief of a rival tribe, with the title of vali in exchange for that of atabeg. The descendants of Husain Khan retained the title as governors of the Pushtkuh Lurs, to whom only the denomination of Feili now applies.
Southern Region
The Southern part of Luristan, formerly known as Lur i Buzurg (Great Luristan) comprises the Bakhtiari division of the province of Khuzestan and the districts of the Mamasennis and Kuhgilus which belong to Fars. Great Luristan formed an independent state under the Fazlevieh atabegs from 1160 until 1424. Its capital, Idaj, survives as mounds and ruins at Malamir, 60 miles southeast of Shushtar.
See also
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۲۹ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:25 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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بازدید کننده گرامی
لطفا برای مطالب بیشتر از آرشیو وبلاگ بازدید فرمایید
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۲۹ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:21 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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ABCs pronunciation guide
Click on the audio symbol below. Read and listen to the list as many times as you want and then try to read the list by yourself.
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A as in "apple"
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B as in "boy"
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C as in "car"
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D as in "dog"
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E as in "ear"
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F as in "flag"
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G as in "great"
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H as in "house"
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I as in "insect"
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J as in "joy"
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K as in "kind"
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L as in "light"
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M as in "magic"
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N as in "night"
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O as in "orchestra"
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P as in "people"
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Q as in "question"
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R as in "red"
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S as in "sure"
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T as in "truck"
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U as in "unique"
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V as in "video"
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W as in "wow"
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X as in "xerox"
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Y as in "yes"
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Z as in "zebra"
Click on the audio symbol below. Read and listen to the correct spelling of the words below. Once you have listened try to repeat the spelling by yourself.
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Dictionary
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Algebra
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Windows
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Information
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Romantic
Continue Learning for Beginners Unit 1 Learning the Basics: Numbers, ABC's and the Verb 'to Be'
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۲۹ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:19 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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ABCs Song
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+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۲۹ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:18 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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نگاهی به سایتهای لری
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۲۹ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:15 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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A Return to Love
Love is what we are born with. Fear is what we learn. The spiritual journey is the unlearning of fear and prejudices and the acceptance of love back in our hearts. Love is the essential reality and our purpose on earth. To be consciously aware of it, to experience love in ourselves and others, is the meaning of life. Meaning does not lie in things. Meaning lies in us.
Marianne Williamson
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۲۹ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:6 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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T H E A B C O F F R I E N D S H I P
A friend does most of these:
(A)ccepts you as you are
(B)elieves in "you"
(C)alls you just to say "HI"
(D)oesn't give up on you!
(E)nvisions the whole of you (even the unfinished parts)
(F)orgives your mistakes
(G)ives unconditionally
(H)elps you
(I)nvites you over
(J)ust "be" with you
(K)eeps you close at heart
(L)oves you for who you are
(M)akes a difference in your life
(N)ever Judges
(O)ffer support
(P)icks you up
(Q)uiets your fears
(R)aises your spirits
(S)ays nice things about you
(T)ells you the truth when you need to hear it
(U)nderstands you
(V)alues you
(W)alks beside you
(X)-plains thing you don't understand
(Y)ells when you won't listen and
(Z)aps you back to reality
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۲۹ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:4 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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IF ...
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If you can keep your head when all about you If you can dream and not make dreams your master If you can make one heap of all your winnings If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue |
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۲۹ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:3 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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What is Love
Love is . . . Being happy for the other person when they are happy, Being sad for the person when they are sad, Being together in good times, And being together in bad times.
LOVE IS THE SOURCE OF STRENGTH.
Love is . . . Being honest with yourself at all times, Being honest with the other person at all times, Telling, listening, respecting the truth, And never pretending.
LOVE IS THE SOURCE OF REALITY.
Love is . . . An understanding so complete that you feel as if you are a part of the other person, Accepting the other person just the way they are, And not trying to change them to be something else.
LOVE IS THE SOURCE OF UNITY.
Love is . . . The freedom to pursue your own desires while sharing your experiences with the other person, The growth of one individual alongside of and together with the growth of another individual.
LOVE IS THE SOURCE OF SUCCESS.
Love is . . . The excitement of planning things together, The excitement of doing things together.
LOVE IS THE SOURCE OF THE FUTURE.
Love is . . . The fury of the storm, The calm in the rainbow.
LOVE IS THE SOURCE OF PASSION.
Love is . . . Giving and taking in a daily situation, Being patient with each other's needs and desires.
LOVE IS THE SOURCE OF SHARING.
Love is . . . Knowing that the other person will always be with you regardless of what happens, Missing the other person when they are away but remaining near in heart at all times.
LOVE IS THE SOURCE OF SECURITY.
LOVE IS . . . THE SOURCE OF LIFE!
Susan Polis Schutz
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۲۹ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:2 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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a poem by a stranger
You are the candle , love's the flame
A fire that burns thrugh wind and rain
Shine your light on this heart of mine
Til the end of time
You came to me like tha dawn through the night
Just shining like the sun
Out of my dreams and into my life
You are the One , you are the One
( I : ) Said I loved you but i lied
Cause this is more than love i feel inside
( I : ) Said I loved you but I was wrong
Cause loved could neverever feel so strong
( I : ) Said I loved you but I lied
With all my soul I've tried in vain
How can mere words my heart explain
This taste of heaven so deep so true
I've found in you
So many reasons in so many ways
My life has just begun
Need you forever , I need you to stay
You are the One , you are the one
( I : ) Said i loved you but I lied
Cause this is more than love I feel inside
( I : ) Said I loved you but I was wrong
Cause loved could neverever feel so strong
( I : ) Said I loved you but I lied
Dont forget , You are my own love for ever
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۲۹ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 16:1 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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بودن یا نبودن ... شکسپیر
William Shakespeare - To be, or not to be (from Hamlet 3/1)
To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep; No more; and by a sleep to say we end The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep; To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub; For in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause: there's the respect That makes calamity of so long life; For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, The pangs of despised love, the law's delay, The insolence of office and the spurns That patient merit of the unworthy takes, When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin? who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life, But that the dread of something after death, The undiscover'd country from whose bourn No traveller returns, puzzles the will And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of? Thus conscience does make cowards of us all; And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought, And enterprises of great pith and moment With this regard their currents turn awry, And lose the name of action. - Soft you now! The fair Ophelia! Nymph, in thy orisons Be all my sins remember'd.
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چند شعر دیگر
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+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۲۹ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:53 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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Seven Strategies for Reading Difficult Texts
Approaching any theoretical text for the first time can be daunting – especially in a course where you cannot rely on a professor’s lecture to highlight its main arguments. What follow are seven strategies to help you to learn to read texts without the aid of an interpreter.
1. What is the main argument or plot of the book/article?
Sometimes it is not so easy to tell what the main point is that an author is trying to convey: there is not always a simple thesis statement in the text. One strategy for finding the answer is to read introductions and conclusions with special care. What does the author say she is arguing? How does she set up her argument?
2. Read the title and subtitle of the text, the table of contents, the dedication, and the section headings.
Like reading the introduction and the conclusion, these seemingly unimportant details can give you a great deal of information about the main argument: how is the argument structured? How is the argument broken down into chapters? Who is the intended audience? This exercise is especially important when you are reading only selections of a book, as will often be the case in this course, because it can help you to see how the piece you are reading fits into the overall book that you aren’t reading.
It is far better to focus on how the argument is structured, and to get a sense of the overall argument, than to try to read every word of the text.
3. Make vocabulary flashcards to keep track of new and important terms.
Vocabulary cards are useful ways of keeping track of how a single term (such as ‘multiculturalism’ or ‘liberalism’) is used differently in different places in a single text. They are also useful ways of tracking differences among authors in how they deploy similar terminology with dissimilar meanings.
Vocabulary cards can also be useful ways of learning how to speak the language of the discipline that you are studying. Write down unfamiliar words, or words that are being used in strange ways. If you cannot figure out the definition of the term from the text, then ask your teacher about it. Academese is nobody’s native tongue; there is no shame in being unfamiliar with it.
4. Read for tone, style, and method.
Pay attention to how an author makes her argument. The clues about how an argument gets made can help to make sense of why the argument is or is not successful, and they can give you more information about what the argument actually is.
What is the tone of the text? Is it: personal, polemical, abstract, passionate, argumentative, conciliatory? Why do you think the author is using that tone?
What is the style of the text? Is it: journalistic, academic, narrative? Why has the author adopted that style?
What is the methodology used in the text? How does the author substantiate her claims? What counts as a strong argument for her? On what grounds does she dismiss other arguments? What enables the author to see the issues from her argumentative perspective? Why has the author adopted that method?
5. Think about the Political Context of the Text
When was the text written? Why was the text written then? Does the author refer to any historical or contemporary events which might be relevant in interpreting her argument? Are there aspects of the author’s personal biography which might help to make sense of the text?
6. Contextualize the Text
How does this text fit in with the other texts we read this week? Where does this author converge and diverge from the other authors?
How does this text fit into the course as a whole? Into the genre or discipline (i.e. political theory)?
7. Think about the Author’s Grand Project
How does this text fit in with other works by the same author that we have read? Is the author consistent from one text to the next? If so, how can thinking about the other texts we have read help to illuminate this one? If not, what accounts for the inconsistencies?
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۲۹ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:47 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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شهر و ...
دردسرهاى يك زندگى شهرى...
زندگيهاى امروز مردم، به سبب تناسبات پيچيده و گسترده‌ى روزمره‌ى شهر، آنقدر پر از مشكل و دست‌انداز و دشواري شده كه كمتر كسي مىتواند ادعا كند در زندگي خود، از پشتوانه‌هاي قوي مادي و معنوي برخوردار است و با امنيت كامل، مىتواند به امرار معاش و زندگي بپردازد. گذشته از قيمت سرسام‌آور كالاها و مواد غذايي، خوراك و پوشاك و در كل مايحتاج روزانه، اتفاقات و پيامدهاي ناگواري كه در طول زندگي براي خانواده‌ها رخ مىدهد و آنها را از هدف و مقصد اصلي خود كه آرامش و سعادت در زندگي است، دور مىكنند، از جمله عواملي هستند كه باعث مىشوند تا هيچگاه نتوان زندگي شهري را، يك زندگي آرام و بي‌دغدغه و كم‌دردسر ناميد.
جدا از اتفاقات گوناگون و رنگارنگي كه هر روز رخ مىدهند و رنگ بدبختي و مصيبت را به يك شكل، براي مردم نمايان مىسازند، دردسرهاي يافتن يك شغل و فعاليت آبرومندانه كه بتواند ممر درآمدي براي خانواده‌هاي متوسط به پايين به شمار برود و دشواريهاي گذشتن از هفت خان استخدام در اين اداره و آن شركت، حتي در نازلترين سمتهاست كه باعث شده تا تفاوتهاي بين زندگي در شهر و روستا، به خوبي نمايان شود.
شايد روستاها و دهستانهاي دورافتاده، به سبب اينكه از اتفاقات و پيامدهاي مختلف و عجيب شهرها به دورند و در مركز توجه‌ها و نقطه‌ي اصلي رويداد اتفاقات گوناگون قرار ندارند و خانوارها نيز به سبب جمعيت و وسعت كم اين دست روستاها، روابط نزديك و تنگاتنگي با هم دارند و كوچكترين سوانح و رويدادهاي خوش‌يمن و ناگوار، از نظر كل اهالي دور نمىماند، مشكلاتي را كه يك شهرنشين كم‌درآمد، در اوج دود و گرما و آلودگيهاي صوتي و گرفتاريهاي خاص اجتماعي و اقتصادي و وقايع مختلف سياسي فرهنگي مهم با آنها سردرگريبان است، نداشته باشند و به راحتي بتوانند از پس مخارج و سختيهاي زندگي و امرار معاش بربيايند اما مشكل اينجاست كه زندگي در شهر، نه تنها شامل گرفتاريها و تنگناهاي مالي و اقتصادي مىشود، خيل عظيمي از ناراحتيها و سيل گسترده‌يي از امواج منفي روحي و معنوي را نيز با خود يدك مىكشد.
گذشته از موانع و دردسرهاي يافتن مشاغل مناسب در شهرهاي بزرگ و پرجمعيت، كه مانع و عامل اصلي عدم موفقيت جوانان در تامين مالي خانواده‌هايشان به شمار مىرود، افزايش سرسام‌آور قيمت توليدات مختلف صنعتي و خوراكي كه قدرت خريد براي خانواده‌ها را تا حد بسياري پايين مىبرد، نقش عمده‌يي در گسترش فقر و بيكاري در جامعه ايفا مىكند.
هرچند كه نبايد در مورد دردسرهاي يك زندگي شهري، از موانع و سدهاي روحي و رواني يك زندگي آرام و بدون تنش در شهر غافل شد. آلودگيهاي مختلفي كه در شهرهاي صنعتي، بزرگ و پرجمعيت وجود دارند و انواع ناراحتيها و اختلالات روحي و رواني را براي شهروندان ايجاد مىكنند، از جمله عواملي هستند كه زندگي در شهر را از هرجاي ديگر، سختتر و دشوارتر مىسازند. آلودگيهاي صوتي، آلودگي آب و هوا و آلودگيهاي اطلاعاتي، از جمله مواردي هستند كه در چرخه‌ي صعب‌‌العبور ساختن عبور از جاده‌هاي زندگي شهري، نقش به سزايي دارند.
علي يوسف‌كمالي كه از روستاهاي اطراف شهر، به رشت آمده و شغلي غير از باربري نيز ندارد، در مورد وضعيت خود مىگويد: "شايد برايتان جالب باشد كه من در سن 45 سالگي و در حالي كه فوق‌ديپلم رياضي دارم، مجبورم با دو فرزند و يك وضعيت خيلي دردناك، روزي بيش از 7 ساعت در خيابانهاي شلوغ و پردود و دم رشت، بار اين خانواده و آن خانواده را ببرم و شايد روزي حداكثر 5000 تومان درآمد كسب كنم. من كه نمىتوانستم بيكار بمانم اما شما فكر مىكنيد كار بهتري براي فوق‌ديپلم رياضي با 45 سال سن وجود ندارد؟؟"
فريدون گل‌گلاب نيز كه در گوشه‌يي از خيابان سعدي، مشغول فروش تمشك بود، معتقد است: "من به بيش از 10 جا براي كار و شغل مراجعه كردم و هيچ كس هم مرا نپذيرفت. انگار كه مديران و روساي شركتهاي مختلف، به كارگران جديد اعتماد ندارند و فكر مىكنند كه ما برايشان در آينده دردسر درست مي‌كنيم. البته من فكر مىكنم با اين وضع فعلي نيز حق دارند و ترجيح مىدهند بدون وردست كار كنند تا اينكه كارگر بگيرند و مجبور شوند بعد از مدتي، مقدار زيادي ضرر كنند. حتي همين فروش تمشك هم مقدار زيادي دردسر دارد و ساده‌ترين كارها هم در شهر، كلي مانع و مشقت دارند."
اما در مورد دردسرهاي يك زندگي شهري، دكتر رسول اسماعيلي، كارشناس مسايل اجتماعي، مىگويد: "افزايش جمعيت، تخصصي شدن مشاغل و گسترش شهرها، باعث شده تا زندگي و گذران معيشت، مثل گذشته آسان و ساده نباشد. نخست اينكه امروزه هيچكس نمىتواند بدون داشتن شغل ثابت و مطمئن، به آينده‌ي كاري مطمئن، تكيه داشته باشد. به همين دليل، برخورداري از مدارج تحصيلي بالا و مناسب و داشتن تخصصهاي فني و علمي، از جمله معيارهاي اصلي و مهم كارفرمايان براي استخدام نيروهاي تازه‌كار به شمار مىرود. هرچند كه شرايط جامعه‌ي ما و ظرفيتهاي شغلي، باعث مىشود تا حتي بسياري از دكترها و مهندسهاي ما نيز بيكار باشند و نتوانند خود را متكي به هيچ پشتوانه‌ي مالي قدرتمندي ببينند. با وضع فعلي جامعه‌ي ما نيز هيچكس نمىتواند انتظار داشته باشد كه گوشه‌يي بنشيند و لقمه‌يي نان حلال، برايش به ارمغان بيايد هرچند كه در هيچ جاي دنيا اينطور نيست اما بايد اطمينان داشت كه جامعه‌ي ما با توجه به گذار از مراحل ابتدايي پيشرفت، هنوز راه زيادي براي موفقيت در اشتغال‌زايي دارد و نخستين گام نيز اعتمادسازي براي كارگران و كارفرمايان، با تصويب قانونهايي جهت تامين پشتوانه‌ي مادي و معنوي كارگر و در كنار آن، كارفرماست كه بتواند با طيب خاطر، عناصر جديد را به كار بگيرد و از عواقب استخدام نيروهاي جديد نيز ابايي نداشته باشد.
هرچند علاوه بر مشكلات اشتغال و درآمدزايي براي خانواده‌هاي تازه شكل گرفته و جواناني كه براي كار به شهرها مىآيند، برخي مشكلات فراگير و جهاني زندگي در شهرها نيز وجود دارند كه باعث مىشود تا يك شهروند، هيچگاه نتواند با آرامش خاطر، به فرداي آسوده و بي‌تنشي بيانديشد اينها مشكلاتي هستند كه كم و بيش اتفاق مىافتند اما باعث مىشوند تا زندگي در شهر، پرمخاطره‌تر، ناامن‌تر و پردردسرتر از هرجاي دنيا باشد. جايي كه يك شهروند، يك كارمند اداره و يك كارگر ساده نيز نمىتوانند نسبت به فرداي خود در زمينه‌ي شغل و درآمد و كانون خانواده، اطمينان كامل داشته باشند و بايد نسبت به فرداي خود، همواره با ديده‌ي احتياط و ترديد بنگرند."
شهر، جايي است كه درآمدهاي آن، بين صدهاهزار نفر تقسيم مىشود. جايي كه كمتر پيش مىآيد همگي متمول‌ترين باشند و يا همگي مفلس‌ترين. جايي كه همه چيز در اعتدال پيش مىرود. حتي درآمدها و امنيتهاي جاني و مالي و شغلي و در بسياري از موارد نيز اين اعتدالها، رو به سقوط و نزول هستند.
شهر، جايي است كه هرجاي آن را نگاه كني، برج و بارو مىبيني، دود و دم مىبيني و ماشين و تراكتور و تريلي هجده چرخ. جايي كه در هر گوشه‌ي آن، كارخانه‌يي است با فلان‌هزار متر وسعت. جايي كه مردم، حتي كمتر وقت مىكنند حال همديگر را بپرسند. جايي كه ماراتن نفسگير زندگي، به اوج خود مىرسد. همگي سعى مىكنند تا هرطوري شده، از خط پايان عبور كنند، حتي با پاي شكسته. جايي كه شام هر شب، براي بسياري از خانواده‌ها، به معضل و مشكلي تبديل مىشود و جايي كه از سوي ديگر، براي بسياري از خانواده‌ها، تعداد بنزهايي كه قرار است در پاركينگ، پارك شوند.
شهر، جايي است كه عده‌يي در آن، از فرط بدبختي و فلاكت، رو به خيابان‌خوابي و آوارگي مىآورند و عده‌يي ديگر، آسمان‌خراشهاي خود را روز به روز افزايش مىدهند و كل هزينه‌ي خريد يك آپارتمان را، به عنوان پول توجيبي، به فرزند خود مىسپارند.
شهر، جايي است كه شما در آن، حتي در بعضي از روزها و شبها و در اوج التهاب و شلوغي و سردرگمي، در اوج خستگي و كلافگي از دردسرها و مشكلات، رو به گريه مىآوريد و قلب خود را، با اشكهايي كه از همانجا سرچشمه مىگيرد، آبياري مىكنيد.
و شهر، اين باغ سبز زيبا، كه به ظاهر، پر از درختها، نهرهاي روان از آب و ميوه‌هاي بي‌نظير است، جايي است كه وقتي در آن پا گذاشتي، با بي‌رحمانه‌ترين سيمهاي خاردار، محاصره‌ات مىكنند و زنداني مىشوي تا محكوم باشي يا به فناي مطلق و يا به موفقيت كامل در عرصه‌يي كه در آن، حتي از فرداي خود نيز مطمئن نيستي. پيچيدگيهاي نامهربان زندگي در شهر، شايد براي آنهايي كه در شهرنشيني خبره شده‌اند و با تمام موانع امرار معاش در شهر آشنا هستند و براي خود، ديگر به استاد مواجهه با مشكلات نيز تبديل گشته‌اند، خيلي سخت نباشد هرچند كه آنقدر ناملايمتها دارد كه شهري‌ترين آدمها را نيز دچار اضطراب و التهاب مىكند اما براي آنهايي كه از فرط سادگي، رو به جايي مىآورند تا به قول خودشان بتوانند پله‌هاي ترقي را آنجا طي كنند، مىتواند جنگلي تاريك باشد، پر از گرگهاي وحشي كه هر كدام از آنها، به انتظار فرصتهايي نشسته‌اند تا از راه، به درت كنند. در مورد دردسرهاي زندگي شهري، حرف و حديث زياد هست.
شهر، جايي است كه روستا نيست. روستا كه در آن، صفا و همدلي در كار و دوستي و مودت در جدي‌ترين عرصه‌ها، حرف اول را مىزند. جايي كه خبر از مناسبات رياكارانه‌ي معمولي دنيوي در آن نيست....
+ نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۲۹ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 15:26 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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ويژگيهای گوگل
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جستجوي تصوير در Google با داشتن بيش از 250 ميليون تصوير قابل مشاهده در فهرست خود، جامعترين مجموعه در کل وب مي باشد.براي استفاده از جستجوي تصوير به صفحه جستجوي پيشرفته و يا http://www.google.com/imghp?hl=fa برويد و عبارتي را در جعبه جستجوي تصوير وارد کنيد و سپس دکمه جستجو را انتخاب کنيد.در صفحه نتايج تصوير کوچک شده را انتخاب کنيد تا روايت بزرگتري از تصوير و همچنين صفحه اي که تصوير در آن قرار دارد را مشاهده کنيد. (يادداشت:براي دسترسي زبان انتخابي شما بايد در صفحه قابليتها انگليسي انتخاب شده باشد.)
تصاويري که توسط سرويس Google Image Search مشاهده مي کنيد ممکن است که کپي رايت داشته باشند.هرچند که شما مي توانيد آنها را از طريق سرويس ما بيابيد و يا مشاهده کنيد، ما به شما هيچ حقي نمي توانيم بدهيم جز حق مشاهده آنها از طريق وب.از اينرو اگر مايل به استفاده از هر يک از تصاويري هستيد که به وسيله سرويس ما پيدا کرده ايد ما به شما پيشنهاد مي کنيم که با صاحب آن سايت براي اجازه استفاده از تصوير تماس بگيريد.
اخطار:نتايجي که با اين قابليت مشاهده مي کنيد ممکن است شامل مطالب مربوط به بزرگسالان باشد.Google فاکتورهاي خاصي را در نظر مي گيرد براي اينکه مطمئن شود که آيا اين تصوير به مورد جستجوي شما مربوط است يا خير. از آنرو که اين روشها کاملا بي اشتباه نيستند ممکن است در بين تصاويري که مي بينيد تصاوير نا مناسبي هم قرار گرفته باشد.
براي اطلاعات بيشتر در مورد اين قابليت لطفا FAQ جستجوي تصوير را بخوانيد.
Google سد زبان را با قابليت ترجه جديدي (بتا) شکسته است. با استفاده از قابليت ترجمه با ماشين ،Google حالا به انگليسي زبانان قابليت استفاده از بسياري از صفحات غير انگليسي را مي دهد.
اگر جستجوي شما نتايج غير انگليسي داشته باشد يک لينک به صفحه ترجمه شده انگليسي آن در اختيار شما قرار خواهد گرفت.
اگر مي خواهيد چکيده و عنوان اسناد يافته شده برای جست وجوی شمابه انگليسي ترجمه شوند، گزينه ی ترجمه درصفحه ی تنظيمهارا فعال کنيد. با اين کار گوگل به صورت خودکار چکيده وعنوان سندهای يافته شده را به انگليسي ترجمه خواهد کرد.
براي اطلاعات بيشتر در مورد اين قابليت لطفا FAQ ترجمهرا بخوانيد.
فهرست سندهايي که گوگل برای پرسش شما مي يابد، اکنون فايلهای PDF.را نيز دربرمي گيرد. نوشتار اين فايلها به هر زبان و خطي که باشد، بدون وابستگي به سيستم عامل، مرورگر و فونت، به صورت کامل در نرم افزار ادوبي آکروبات نمايش داده مي شود. گرچه اينگونه فايلها به اندازه ی سندهای HTML رايج نيستند، اغلب اطلاعات ارزشمندی رادربردارند که در ديگر سندها يافت نمي شود.
برای اين که مشخص شود کدام يافته به صورت يک فايل PDF. عرضه شده است، واژه [PDF] به رنگ آبي روبروی عنوان سند درج مي شود.به اين ترتيب خواهيد دانست که برای نمايش اين سند، نرم افزار Adobe Acrobat Reader اجرا مي شود. روی پيوند عنوان سند کليک کنيد تا به فايل PDF. دست يابيد. (اگر نرم افزار آکروبات در رايانه ی شما نصب نباشد، به صورت خودکار به سايت دريافت رايگان اين نرم افزار هدايت خواهيد شد)
در مورد فايلهای PDF. پيوند آشنای"Cached" جای خود را به "نسخه ی متني" مي دهد. نسخه ی متنی رونوشتي از سند پي دی اف است که همه ی اطلاعات صفحه آرايي آن حذف شده است.
اگر نمي خواهيد سندهای PDF. در فهرست يافته های پرسش شما ارايه شوند، کافيست دستور filetype:pdf- را در کنار پرسش خود درون پنجره ی جست وجو درج فرماييد.
گوگل از هر صفحه يك عكس ذخيره ميكند تا براى زمانى كه صفحه اصلى اگر موجود نبود نسخه پشتيبان داشته باشد. اگر شما برروى لينك Cached كليكى كنيد، صفحه اى را خواهيد ديد كه ما آنرا ضميمه كرده ايم.
وقتى كه صفحه cach شده نشان داده ميشود، اين صفحه داراى يك هدر در بالاى خود است كه در آن قسمت نسخه cach شده را يادآور ميكند. جاهايى كه برجسته شده اند با عث ميشوند تا شما قسمت مورد نظر خود را راحت تر پيدا كنيد.
لينك "ذﺨﻴﺭه شده" براى سايتهايى كه ضميمه نشده اند موجود نخواهد بود، و همينطور اين لينك براى مالكينى كه اين لينك را نخواهند نيز موجود نخواهد بود.
وقتى شما برروى Similar Pages براى ديدن نتيجه يك جستجو كليك كنيد، گوگل به صورت خودكار صفحات مربوط را براى رسيدن به نتيجه اكتشاف ميكند.
لينك "صفحات مشابه" استفاده هاى زيادى دارد. تگر شما محتوى سايت خاصى را در نظر داريد، ولى ميخواهيد كه آن بيشتر خواسته هاى شما را براورده كند، اين لينك ميتواند سايتهاى مشابه بنسبت موضوع شما را نيز ارايه كند.
گوگل صفحات متعددى را براى ميليونها صفخات وب پيدا ميكند. البته چيزى كه مهم است اينست كه صفحه اى كه با موضوع شما درخور باشد پيدا شود. براى مثال، گوگل ممكن است قادر به پيدا كردن صفحات مربوط به home page شخصى شما نباشد، اگر اين صفحات حاوى اطلاعات مربوط به صفحه اصلى نباشند.
كشف كنيد كه چه كسانى به شما لينك هستند
بعضى كلمات، وقتى با يك دونقطه دنبال شوند، يك معناى ويژه اى را براى گوگل خواهند داشت. يكى از ىشترين كلمات براى گوگل عملگر :link است. پرسش link:
| مثال: |
بعضى از كلمات به همراه يك دونقطه برا گوگل معناى بخصوصى را دارند. يكى از اين كلمات عملگر site: است. اين كلمه به همرا آدرس دامين در جلوى آن باعث ميشود تا جستجوى شما فقط در دامين يا سايت معين شده باشد.
براى مثال، جهت جستجو يك خبر در گوگل، وارد كنيد:
| مثال: |
دكمه "I'm Feeling Lucky" شما را مستقيما به اولين صفحه وبى كه گوگل براى چستجوى شما برگردانده است ميبرد. در اين حالت شما نتايج ديگر حاصل آمده از جستجوى خود را ديگر نميبينيد. اين حالت معمولا در زمانى استفاده ميشود كه شما عجله داشته و فقط نتيجه بدست آمده براى شما مهم است.
براى مثال، براى جستجوى وب سايت دانشگاه Stanford، كلمه Stanford را در فيلد جستجو وارد كرده و برروى دكمه "I'm Feeling Lucky" كليك كنيد. سپس گوگل شما را مستقيما به وب سايت رسمى اين دانشگاه در آدرس www.stanford.edu ميبرد.
| مثال: |
احساس خوشبختى ميكنيد!؟
+ نوشته شده در شنبه ۲۸ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 12:26 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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کدهای خفن جاوا ! برای وبلاگ نویسان
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فرهنگ انگلیسی به فارسی
English to Persian Dictionary
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فرهنگ فارسی به انگلیسی
Persian to English Dictionary
+ نوشته شده در شنبه ۲۸ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 12:14 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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IRAN
FARS
Fars, the land of virtuous people, the territory of great antiquity, equal to that of the history of Iran, has always been considered as a major center of formation and prosperity of ancient civilizations of Iran and the world. This territory is the cradle of science, culture and civilization and has a meritorious and worthy position in the mind and languages of Iranians and inhabitants of the world.
In the book of Farsnameh Nasseri we read: " Pars is originally, the name of some southern people of Iran whose seat was also called Pars. Two big families of Achaemenides and Sassanides ascended the throne in Iran and the Greeks took the word Persia from the name of these people and applied it generally to all Iran. Thus the word Persia or Perse of which the arabicized form is Fars has generally been applied to all Iran in European languages”.
Fars has a deep and cultural background, where famous men like Molla Sadra, Hafez, Saadi, Sibawayh, Rouzbehan, Ibn-e-Khafif and… have appeared and created eternal cultural, scientific, philosophical, religious and literary works. Fars is the home of learning and house of believers.
Throughout the history, Fars Province area has been exposed to wide changes and that is why its people have various languages, dialects, mores and cultures in general.
FARS Today
The Province of Fars with a surface area of about 133000 sq km, occupies 8.1% of the Country’s total surface area. This province is bounded on north by Esfahan and Yazd provinces, on west by Boushehr, and Kohkilouyeh & Boyerahmad provinces, on south by Hormozgan province and, on east by Kerman province. At present the population of Fars province is about 4000000/- with an average annual growth rate of 2.1%.
The vast province of Fars, is a 4-season province. From the viewpoint of temperature, this province can be divided into three cold, temperate and hot regions. The average temperature in the coldest month of the year varies between -7 to -2 degrees centigrade, and in the hottest month of the year between 35 to 40 degree centigrade.
On the basis of the last divisions of the country, the province of Fars has 18 townships,61 districts,184 rural district, 54 cities,2982 villages, 2118 independent farms,2153 subordinate farms, 661 independent places and 94 subordinate places. On the basis of the studies performed , in the whole Fars province, it has been about 288 tourist centers with historical - religious, natural and historical-natural attractions, out of which 148 centers are with historical-religious and 125 centers with natural and 15 centers with historical-natural attractions. What follows tends to introduce only a part of these attractions.
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LARESTAN
This town is situated in the south of Fars province and has an area of 21281 sq km. The climate of the town is hot. The territory of Lar has drawn attentions since Sassanian dynasty by creation of a fire-temple in Karian. At the end of 8th century, it was the center of coinage, and the coin of Lar by the name of Larin was current on Persian Gulf coasts and India.
Tourist sites: mausoleum of Shaykh Abdossalam in Khonj, Shaykh Danial Mausoleum and the tombs of Khonj Shaykhs, Neshat Garden of Lar, Caesarea Bazar, Lar Jame’e Mosque, Aqa Cistern, Gerash Seven Cistern, two caravanserais opposite Bazar, Ejdeha Peykar Fort, Qadamgah Fort, Pir Sorkh Mausoleum, Imamzadeh Mir Hamzeh, Imamzadeh Beriz , Abbas Bridge and Harmude protected zone of Lar.
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SHIRAZ
Shiraz city situated in the center of Fars province and has an area of 10688sq.km. Shiraz is a pleasant fresh and flourishing plain. Although baked clay tables found at Persepolis treasure of Documents, revealed that Shiraz city existed in Achaemenian era, but substantial development of Shiraz has been realized in
post-Islamic era.Tourists Sites Of SHIRAZ : Shiraz is the city of poetry, beauty and virtue, and is the territory of philosophy and ethic. It is the city of garden, orange groves and poppies, and has many things to see.
Holy Shrines:
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SHAH-E-CHERAGH IMMACULATE SHRINE: The holy Ahmadi threshold, the immaculate shrine of Hazrat-e-Seyed Mir Ahmad, the brother of Hazrat-e- Imam Reza and the son of Imam Moussa Kazem, the 7th Imam is the most important place of pilgrimage in Shiraz. The holy tomb of this saint has been discovered during the region of Amir Azododowleh Dailamite , and a mausoleum has been erected on it and has regularly been repaired throughout the centuries.
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THE SHRINE OF SEYED MIR MOHAMMAD: At the north-eastern line of the mausoleum of Hazrat-e-Ahmad ibn-e-Moussa, there is the holy shrine of Seyed Mir Mohammad-ibn-e-Moussa.
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THE TRESHHOLD OF SEYED ALAEDDIN HOSSEIN: Hazrate-e-Seyed Mir Alaeddin Hossein was martyred in Shiraz while he was going to Tous via Shiraz to see his brother Imam Reza at the end of the 2nd century A.H.
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THE SHRINE OF ALI-IBN-E-HAMZEH: The holy shrine of Ali-ibn-e-Hamzeh, son of Moussa Kazem is located beside Darvazeh Esfahan Bridge which has a big and beautiful courtyard.
Mausoleums:
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Saadi is the great poet and sage of the 7th century whose books Golestan and Boustan have been translated into most of the world's living languages, and his mausoleum is located in a beautiful garden.
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Hafez, the frenzied poet of Shiraz who has a universal reputation lived in 8th century A.H. His mausoleum is the place of pilgrimage of the flowers of the heart's desire.
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Khajouye Kermani, poet and composer of lyric poems was contemporary to Hafiz, and his mausoleum is located in a pleasant fresh place overlooking Darvazeh Quran on mountain slope and adjacent to Abrokni itinerary.
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Moreover there are mausoleums of Ibn-e-Khafif, Sheikh Rouzbehan, Sibawayh, Shab Daeiallah, Shah Shojae, Cheheltanan and Haft-tanan.
Mosques:
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Jame’e Atigh Mosque is the oldest work of the Islamic era in Shiraz, built in 281 A.H.
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New Mosque which is the second oldest Mosque of Shiraz after Jame'e Atigh Mosque, was formerly called Atabak Mosque. The construction of the original building of this Mosque began in 598 and was completed in 615 A.H.
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Vakil Mosque is known also as Soltani Vakil Mosque and is considered as one of the valuable monuments of Zand period which has been completed in 1152 A. H.
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Nasirolmolk Mosque with imposing sight and beautiful tile work which is the most important feature of this monument has been constructed in1293 A. H.
Gardens:
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Eram Garden is one of the most beautiful gardens of Iran. Travel accounts, books of history and poetical works of poets include many description of this garden. This garden where there are many types of ornamental flowers and plant genus, is at present the botanical garden of Shiraz University.
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Afifabad Garden is one of the most beautiful and flourishing historical gardens of Shiraz. A two-story building in the middle of the garden, water fronts and a tiled cellar are among interesting parts of this garden.
Museums:
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Fars Museum is located amid Nazar Garden and the building of the museum dates back to the kingdom of Karimkhan Zand. At that time it was the place of official meetings, and it has been converted to museum in1316 A H.
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Other museums of shiraz are: Shahcheragh Museum, Afifabad Garden, Military Museum, Ghavam Orange-Grove Museum, Natural History Museum and Martyrs Museum.
Historical Monuments:
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Karimkhane Zand Arg: has been, in fact, the royal seraglio and palace of Zand Dynasty. This Arg is built in the form of a brick fort with high walls, and a big tower is erected at each of the four corners. This Arg is located at the center of Shiraz city.
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Bazaar Vakil: is one of the most beautiful bazaars in Iran, built in Zandieh period.
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Hammam Vakil: is a matchless monument in its kind. A few beautiful frescoes on the ceiling of the main hall are among the manifest particularities of this bath.
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Saraye Moshir: is the traditional caravanserai at the south entrance of Bazaar Vakil which is now the exhibition of Iranian handicrafts.
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Darvazeh Quran: the original monument appertains to Buyids dynasty in Fars. Two volumes of handwritten Quran, known as Quran Hefdah Man was kept in the attic of this monument.
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Darol-Elme Shiraz: Due to numerous school, great scholars, and famous religious jurists who taught in those schools, Shiraz was known as Darol-Elm since a long time ago. The most famous old schools of Shiraz are: Khan school, Aqa Babakhan school, Mansourieh school, Hakim school, Seyed Alaeddin Hossein school and several other schools.
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Khan school: this school is one of the big and well-known schools of Shiraz. Its construction began in Safavid era by Allahverdi Khan and was completed by his son in 1024 A. H. Above the corridor of the school, there is a hall where Molla Sadra, the great philosopher of Shiraz taught his students.
Monuments of the Districts of SHIRAZ :
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Palace of Sassan: this palace is situated at 9 Kilometers south west of Sarvestan. The palace of Sassan is a huge building of stone and plaster which has been built during Bahram Gor Kingdom, and has numerous vaults, platforms, rooms and corridors.
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Mausoleum of Sheikh Yusuf Sarvestani: this monument which is located in Sarvestan town includes four vaults with columns of stone and semicircular or Romanesque vaults of stone cut with utmost delicacy.
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Bahman Dam: this dam is constructed on Qareh Aqaj River in Sassanian era.
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LAMERD
This town is situated in the south of Fars province and has an area of 5683 sq km. The climate of this town is hot and its products are: cereals, grains and grenade.
Tourist sites: Afifeddin mausoleum, Pirmobarak Shrine, Tel-e-Birom, Ashkenan Ancient Bath, Fal Historical Cemetery
+ نوشته شده در شنبه ۲۸ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 12:13 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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ارزش ( با استفاده از سایت دوست عزیزم زارعی )
| ارزش | Value! |
| ارزش يک خواهر را،از کسي بپرس که آن را ندارد. | To realize The value of a sister Ask someone Who doesn't have one. |
| ارزش ده سال را،از زوج هائي بپرس که تازه از هم جدا شده اند. |
To realize The value of ten years: Ask a newly Divorced couple. |
| ارزش چهار سال را،از يک فارغ التحصيل دانشگاه بپرس. | To realize The value of four years: Ask a graduate. |
| ارزش يک سال را،از دانش آموزي بپرس که در امتحان نهائي مردود شده است. |
To realize The value of one year: Ask a student who Has failed a final exam. |
| ارزش يک ماه را،از مادري بپرس که کودک نارس به دنيا آورده است | To realize The value of one month: Ask a mother who has given birth to a premature baby. |
| ارزش يک هفته را،از ويراستار يک مجله هفتگي بپرس. |
To realize The value of one week: Ask an editor of a weekly newspaper. |
| ارزش يک ساعت را،عاشقاني بپرس که در انتظار زمان قرار ملاقات هستند. |
To realize The value of one hour: Ask the lovers who are waiting to meet. |
| ارزش يک دقيقه را،از کسي بپرس که به قطار، اتوبوس يا هواپيما نرسيده است. |
To realize The value of one minute: Ask a person who has missed the train, bus or plane. |
| ارزش يک ثانيه را،از کسي بپرس که از حادثه اي جان سالم به در برده است. |
To realize The value of one-second: Ask a person who has survived an accident. |
| ارزش يک ميلي ثانيه را،از کسي بپرس که در مسابقات المپيک،مدال نقره برده است. |
To realize The value of one millisecond: Ask the person who has won a silver medal in the Olympics. |
| زمان براي هيچکس صبر نمي کند. قدر هر لحظه خود را بدانيد.قدر آن را بيشتر خواهيد دانست، اگر بتوانيد آن را با ديگران نيز تقسيم کنيد. |
Time waits for no one. Treasure every moment you have. You will treasure it even more when you can share it with someone special. |
| براي پي بردن به ارزش يک دوست،آن را از دست بده. |
To realize the value of a friend: Lose one. |
| اين نوشته را به دوستان خود يا هر کسي که برايش آرزوي خوشبختي داريد، ارسال کنيد. صلح، عشق و کاميابي ارزاني همگان باد. | Forward this letter to friends, to whom you wish good luck. Peace, love and prosperity to all |
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دانلود یک فرهنگ لغت مفید
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بهترین نسخه دیکشنری |
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گرانترین نسخه دیکشنری Babylon که به نام نسخه Babylon Pro 5.0.5 + Oxford مشهور شده است. دیکشنری مناسب برای کامپیوتر شما که میتوانید با یک کلیک بر روی هر کلمه ترجمه و همچنین طرز تلفظ آنرا بفهمید. در داخل سایتش هم در مورد این نسخه زیاد توضیح نداده است به جز اینکه نوشته است بدون محدودیت از این نسخه میتوانید استفاده کنید. قیمت این نسخه نزدیک به 80 دلار است که میتوانید به رایگان دریافت کنید. [User: emporu | S/N: 3XQFFG5YUAKACJYR2S8J6KFMUD0PKMY4] حجم: ۲۰ مگابایت |
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نگاهی به اسامی بین المللی و معنی و ریشه شناسی آنها
انگلیسی
http://www.behindthename.com/nmc/eng.php
فرانسوی
http://www.behindthename.com/nmc/fre.php
آلمانی
http://www.behindthename.com/nmc/ger.php
ایتالیایی
http://www.behindthename.com/nmc/ita.php
اسپانیولی
http://www.behindthename.com/nmc/spa.php
عربی
http://www.behindthename.com/nmc/ara.php
هندی
http://www.behindthename.com/nmc/ind.php
ایرلندی
http://www.behindthename.com/nmc/iri.php
آفریقایی
http://www.behindthename.com/nmc/afr.php
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+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۲۴ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 14:30 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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لیستی از پر کاربردترین کلمات انگلیسی در تجارت و علوم برتر به همراه ریشه شناسی
Run it up the flagpole, BPO, monetize. What do these terms mean and where did they come from? They are just three terms used in business and in the high-tech world. That's what this web site is all about.
This project got its start with the realization that there are no web sites that focus on the etymology and usage of business and high-tech jargon terms. There are many business jargon glossary sites, but none that apply rigorous lexicographic standards to the subject.
The world of business, and particularly high-tech business, is fertile ground for neologisms and catch phrases. General and slang dictionaries do not cover many of these terms, either because they are used in too limited a context or because they appear faster than print dictionaries can react. The internet is the ideal medium for capturing these terms and describing how they are used. Not only can a web site respond to new terms and phrases much faster than a print source, but it can also rely on a web of contributors to expand the dictionary and provide citations of usage.
This is very much a work in progress. The actual dictionary entries are few in number at present, but the number will grow. Also to be determined is the eventual fate of the collection. Whether this material will find its way into print is unknown, as is the form such publications might take.
This project is part of Wordorigins.org.
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۲۴ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 14:20 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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The Big List منشا و تاریخچه برخی از لغات انگلیسی
This is the list, some 400 words and phrase origins. The words and phrases are selected because their origins are inherently interesting or because some bit of folklore, sometimes true and sometimes false, is associated with the origin. The etymologies of common words with straightforward explanations can be found in any good dictionary and I do not attempt to reproduce them here. Many, if not most, of the words have been added as a result of questions or suggestions from readers of the site.
Various sources have been used to compile the information contained in these pages. These are excellent references for further study.
The symbol
means that the entry is new or has recently been substantially updated.
AAmerica Apron strings, Tied To BBaker's Dozen Balling the Jack Balls to the Wall Bandwagon Barbecue Baseball Bated Breath Bedlam Beefeater Belfry/Bats In The Belfry Beeswax Big Apple Bigwig Bimbo Bit/Byte Bit/Two Bits Bizarre Blackbox Blackguard Blackmail Blimp Blind Tiger/Blind Pig Blockbuster Bloody Blue/Blues Blue Moon Blurb Bob's Your Uncle Bogart Bogey Booby Boondocks Boondoggle Booze Brass Tacks Break A Leg Broad Brothel Brownie Points Buck Buckley's Chance Bug Bullpen Bulls and Bears Bumper Crop Bunk Busman's Holiday Buy The Farm By and Large CCall a Spade a Spade Cancer Capitol/Capital Catch-22 Caucus Cesarean Section Chad Chairman Charger Plate Charley Horse China Chow Church Key Cinch Cloud Nine Cockpit Cocktail Coin A Phrase Cold...Brass Monkey Cold Turkey Cold War Colonel Commando Condom Cop Cotton-Picking Cracker Crackerjack Crap/Craps Cunt Curfew Curmudgeon Cut the Mustard Cut to the Chase Cyber- DDark and Stormy Night Davy Jones Locker Deadline Debt/Trespass/Sin Denim/Jeans Devil to Pay Dirt Poor Dixie Dog Eat Dog Doh/Duh Dollar Dollars to Doughnuts Dolly Dongle Doozy Dope Dork Doughboy Doughnut Drag Race Dressed to the Nines Drink The Kool-Aid Dry Run Dukes Dunce Dutch Treat Dyke EEavesdrop Eeny, Meany, Miney, Moe Egg On Eighty-Six Elephant, To See The Ethnic Cleansing Eureka Evolution FFace the Music Faggot Fair to Middling Fat Lady Sings Field Day Fifth Column Filibuster Five-By-Five Fire Flea Market Flying Colors Flying Saucer Fortnight Free-lance Free Lunch French Kiss Frog-march Fuck Fudge The Full Monty Fuzz |
GGay Geek Generation X G.I. Gig Glitch Globalization Golf Gonzo Goody Two-Shoes Googol/Google Gossip Gotham Grandfather Clause Graveyard Shift Green Room Gringo Ground Zero Guerilla Guinea Gun Gung Ho Gyp HHackney Handicap Happy as a Clam Harlot Hat Trick Hawk a Loogie Heathen Hell-Bent for Leather Hell in a Handbasket Hello Hermetic Seal Hero Hobson's Choice Hock a Loogie Hocus-Pocus Hogan's Goat Homecoming Honeymoon Honky/Hunky/Hunyak/Honyock Hooch Hoodwink Hooker Hooky Hooligan Hoosier Hot Dog Hotshot Huckleberry Humble Pie Hunky-Dory Hustings Hysteria IIndian Summer In Like Flynn Ivory Tower Ivy League JJack Robinson Java/Joe Jaywalk Jazz Jeep Jerk Jerry-Built/Jury Rig Jinx Jody/Joe The Grinder John Bull Jones Joneses, Keeping Up With The Jump The Shark KKaty, Bar the Door Keeping Up With The Joneses Keep Your Nose Clean Keister Kibosh Kick The Bucket Kilroy Was Here Kit and Caboodle Kitty-corner Knickerbocker Knight Ku-Klux Klan LLeatherneck Left Wing Lent Let the Cat Out of the Bag Life of Riley Lock and Load Lock, Stock, & Barrel Lollygag Long in the Tooth Lord Lorem Ipsum... Lukewarm Lynch MMartini Mayday Mayhem Milquetoast Misdemeanor Mojo Moll Molotov Cocktail Mondegreen Monkey Wrench Morphology Mortgage Muckety-Muck Mulligan Murphy's Law NNeck of the Woods Nerd News New York Minute Nigger Nightingale Nightmare Nose (Keep Your Nose Clean) OOK Old Army Game On the Fritz On the Lam Orange Outside the Box PPagan Pale (Beyond The Pale) Pandemonium Paparazzi Pay Through The Nose Peanut/Peanut Gallery Peloton |
P (cont.)Phony Piccaninny Picnic Pig Pig in a Poke Pipe Dream Pizzazz Plugged Nickel Poindexter Point Blank Poker Politically Correct Polka Dot Poop Deck Port/Larboard/Starboard Pot-boiler Pound Sand Posh Pros From Dover Pull the Wool Over His Eyes Pushing the Envelope Pussyfoot QQuiz RRain Cats and Dogs Raincheck Rap Sheet Real McCoy Redhanded Red Herring Redneck Reggae Rhubarb Ring Around the Rosie Riot Act Roger Rope-A-Dope Round Robin Rube Goldberg Rule of Thumb SSabotage Salad Days Sam Hill Sawbuck Say "Uncle" Scab Scapegoat Scot free Screw the Pooch Scuttlebutt Sea-Change Secretary Seed Shark Shit Short Shrift Shrink Sideburns Sin/Trespass/Debt Sixes and Sevens, At Skedaddle Skid Row Sleep Tight Smart Alec Smoking Gun Soccer Soho Son of a Gun S.O.S. Southpaw Spam Spic Spick And Span Spitting Image Spud Square Meal Squaw Star State of the Art Station Wagon Stool Pigeon Swan Song Sweeps TTaliban Taps Teetotal Terrorism Testify Third Degree Third World Three Sheets to the Wind Threshold Throw the Baby...Bathwater Tinker's Damn Tip Toe The Line Tongue In Cheek Tow-Headed Trailer Trench Mouth/Foot Trespass/Debt/Sin Triage Trip The Light Fantastic Trivia Truck Farm Turkey Twenty-Three Skidoo Two Bits/Bit UUnder the Weather United Nations Upset Upsydaisy Up To Snuff VVaudeville WWake Weapons of Mass Destruction Weird Welch Whistleblower White of You Whole Nine Yards Whole Shebang Widow Widow's Peak Windy City With a Grain of Salt Wog Woman/Man Wop World War # Y |
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Etymology مجموعه مقالات
BACKGROUND INFORMATION ^
What is etymology? H. Rex Hartson
What is etymology? fun-with-words
Where do languages come from? Merritt Ruhlen
Language Contact: Terms Eva Easton
Language Varieties Univ. of New England, Australia
Vocabulary H.W. Fowler
Word Formation Johanna Rubba
Word Formation Take Our Word
What is linguistics? Stu Barton
Linguistics Course Alan Ramsay
Linguistics Course Sharon Clampitt
Linguistics Overview William Harris
Linguistics Phonetics & Phonology
Linguistics Terms Brian Zahn
Etymological Dictionary Eugene Cotter
Language Families Ethnologue
Indo-European Languages Cathy Ball
Indo-European Languages Jack Lynch
Indo-European Languages cognates / Kelley L. Ross
Indo-European Languages TITUS / Univ. of Franfurt
Germanic Languages softrat.home.mindspring.com
Language Identifier Doug Beeferman
Mini Essays about Language bluemarble.net/~langmin
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دوره جامع آموزش واژگان انگلیسی ( pdf )
+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۲۴ آبان ۱۳۸۴ ساعت 14:12 توسط عضو هیات علمی
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