Reading this Table. This table shows how the Proto-Indo-European language, which apparently existed about 5000 BCE, broke up into the modern languages of India and Europe that we know today. The first column of family stocks were originally the languages that developed directly from Proto-Indo-European. These languages became families by breaking up into dialects that became languages which themselves then produced dialects and languages, and so on and so forth.

Bulleted languages (•Hittite) are now dead. Ancient languages are listed under the heading "Family" and "Subfamilty" because they died out when other families and subfamilies were forming. Those that became extinct recently are listed as "Languages". Family and Subfamily names without bullets are just speculative groupings that do not correspond to languages whose existence is documented. Indeed, keep in mind that much of this table is speculative when it comes to ancient languages for which no hard evidence exists. For the Indo-European Root Table, click here.
Stock Family Subfamily Languages
 Anatolian •Carian, •Hittite, •Luwian, •Lycian, •Lydian, •Palaic
Balto-Slavic Baltic Latvian (Lettish), Lithuanian, •Old Prussian
Slavic East Slavic Belarussian, Russian, Ukrainian
South Slavic Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian
West Slavic Czech-Slovak, Kashubian, Sorbian, •Polabian, Polish
Celtic Brythonic Breton, •Cornish, Welsh
Continental •Celtiberian, •Gaulish
Goidelic Irish Gaelic, •Manx, Scots Gaelic
Germanic East Germanic •Burgundian (Italy), •Gothic, •Vandal
North Germanic Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish
West Germanic High German German, Yiddish
Low German Afrikaans, Dutch, English, Flemish, Frisian, German, Low German
Hellenic •Aeolic, •Arcadian, •Attic, •Doric, •Ionic, •Koiné Modern Greek
Indo-Iranian Indic Dardic Kafiri, Kashmiri, Khowar, Kohistani, Romany (Gypsy), Shina
Northwest Indic Punjabi, Sindhi
•Sanskrit: •Pali, •Prakrit, •Vedic
Central Indic Hindi, Hindustani, Urdu
East Indic Assamese, Bengali, Bihari, Oriya
Pahari Central Pahari, Eastern Pahari (Nepalese), Western Pahari
South Indic Marathi, Sinhalese (Sri Lanka)
West Indic Bhili, Gujarati, Rajasthani
Iranian East Iranian, •Avestan Baluchi, •Khotanese, •Khwarazmian, Ossetic, Pushtu, •Sogdian, Yaghnobi
West Iranian Kurdish, Pahlavi, •Parthian, Modern Persian (Farsi), Tajiki
Italic Osco-Umbrian •Faliscan, •Oscan, •Umbrian 
•Latin Eastern Romance Italian, Romanian, Sardinian
Western Romance Catalan, French, Ladino, Portuguese, Provençal, Spanish
Illyrian •Illyrian, •Thracian, Grabar (Old Albanian) Albanian
Phrygian •Phrygian, •Old Armenian Armenian
Tokharian (W China) •Tokharian A, •Tokharian B
For the Indo-European Root Table, click here.